Background

Worldwide, there has been a massive increase in child marriages following the COVID-19 crisis. In Indonesia, too, this figure has risen with Indonesia ranked amongst ten countries with the highest rates of child marriage in the world. One of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of child marriage cases is in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).

Objective

This study aims to examine what is causing the rate of child marriages to increase since the outbreak of COVID-19 in NTB.

Participants and setting

Using snowball sampling techniques, the researcher selected 23 study participants, including ten parents (seven mothers and three fathers) with children who were married underage and 13 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (ten females and three males) who were married between March and December 2020. They came from two different regencies of NTB: Lombok Barat and Lombok Utara.

Methods

This study employed qualitative phenomenology as the method of inquiry. Data was obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed in a two-stage coding model. The results of the analysis were asserted on phenomenological themes.

Results

The data reveals that teenagers get married because: 1) they believe that marriage is an escape—from schoolwork, house chores, and the stress and boredom of studying and staying at home during the pandemic; 2) the customary law— some local customs encourage or permit child marriage; 3) there is a lack of understanding of the impact and long term implications of underage marriage; 4) economic problems— financial problems trigger parents to marry their children at a young age; and 5) the influence of the surrounding environment and peers, which encourages early marriage.

Conclusions

The findings suggest a number of recommendations for the prevention of child marriage: 1) socializing the prevention of child marriage; 2) offering alternative activities and support systems for adolescents to overcome frustration and pressure due to online learning and staying at home; 3) changing society's view that marrying children solves adolescent promiscuity, prevents pregnancy, and addresses the issue of non-marital pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 和童婚激增：印度尼西亚努沙登加拉巴拉特的一种现象07

背景

在全球范围内，在 COVID-19 危机之后，童婚数量大幅增加。在印度尼西亚，这一数字也有所上升，印度尼西亚跻身世界童婚率最高的十个国家之列。印度尼西亚童婚案件高发的省份之一是努沙登加拉巴拉特（NTB）。

客观的

本研究旨在调查自 NTB 爆发 COVID-19 以来导致童婚率上升的原因。

参与者和设置

使用滚雪球抽样技术，研究人员选择了 23 名研究参与者，包括 10 名有未成年结婚子女的父母（7 名母亲和 3 名父亲）和 13 名 14 至 17 岁的青少年（10 名女性和 3 名男性），他们在 3 月至2020 年 12 月。他们来自 NTB 的两个不同地区：Lombok Barat 和 Lombok Utara。

方法

本研究采用定性现象学作为调查方法。数据是通过半结构化深度访谈获得的，并在两阶段编码模型中进行了分析。分析的结果是在现象学主题上断言的。

结果

数据显示，青少年结婚是因为：1）他们认为婚姻是一种逃避——逃离学业、家务、以及在大流行期间学习和呆在家里的压力和无聊；2) 习惯法——一些地方习俗鼓励或允许童婚；3) 对未成年婚姻的影响和长期影响缺乏了解；4）经济问题——经济问题促使父母过早结婚；5）周围环境和同龄人的影响，助长了早婚。

结论

调查结果提出了一些预防童婚的建议：1）社会化预防童婚；2) 为青少年提供替代活动和支持系统，以克服因在线学习和呆在家里而产生的挫折感和压力；3) 改变社会认为结婚生子可以解决青春期滥交、预防怀孕、解决非婚怀孕问题的观点。