E-assessment has been supported in Learning Management Systems for decades. More recently, dedicated e-exam systems have emerged on the market, more specifically supporting the workflow and security needs surrounding high stakes exams. For instance, in Norway, LMS's Canvas and Blackboard are only used for ungraded assessment tasks, while e-exam systems like WISEflow and Inspera Assessment are used for graded ones. Since the systems are mass-market software, vendors must satisfy the needs of several customers, and needs that are specific to only one or a few customers will receive low priority, perhaps forcing teachers to adapt their assessments to what the tool supports, rather than having the tool adapt to the preferred pedagogy. So far, there has been considerable research on views of students and teachers on e-exam systems, much less on the views of vendors and managers. In this paper, we investigate what these stakeholder groups consider to be the key features of e-exam systems, and by what process they are determined. An exploratory case study was conducted, based on interviews with 12 participants belonging to three different groups: vendors, process manager and system managers in Norwegian universities. Our findings indicate much agreement among these groups about key features of e-exam systems, though observing that not all functionality requested by end-users will be prioritized. Also, there was much agreement that a movement towards standardization, open interfaces and digital ecosystems would allow smoother integration with other information systems in the higher education sector, and easier addition of plug-ins for specific functionality – but that there still is a way to go to reach the ambitions of a flexible ecosystem. Currently, vendors give more priority for adding functional features in e-exam systems rather than better interoperability, and integration with third-party tools remains a challenge.

数十年来，学习管理系统一直支持电子评估。最近，市场上出现了专用的电子考试系统，更具体地支持围绕高风险考试的工作流程和安全需求。例如，在挪威，LMS 的 Canvas 和 Blackboard 仅用于未评分的评估任务，而 WISEflow 和 Inspera Assessment 等电子考试系统用于评分任务。由于系统是大众市场软件，供应商必须满足多个客户的需求，而特定于一个或几个客户的需求将获得低优先级，这可能会迫使教师根据工具支持的内容调整他们的评估，而不是让工具适应首选的教学法。到目前为止，已经有大量关于学生和教师对电子考试系统的看法的研究，更不用说供应商和经理的观点了。在本文中，我们调查了这些利益相关者群体认为电子考试系统的关键特征是什么，以及它们是通过什么过程确定的。一项探索性案例研究基于对挪威大学的供应商、流程经理和系统经理这三个不同群体的 12 名参与者的访谈。我们的研究结果表明，这些群体对电子考试系统的关键功能有很大的共识，尽管观察到并非最终用户要求的所有功能都会被优先考虑。此外，人们一致认为，朝着标准化、开放接口和数字生态系统的方向发展，将有助于与高等教育部门的其他信息系统更顺畅地整合，并且更容易为特定功能添加插件——但要实现灵活生态系统的雄心还有一段路要走。目前，供应商更重视在电子考试系统中添加功能特性，而不是更好的互操作性，与第三方工具的集成仍然是一个挑战。