In the present study, four novel imidazolium-based cationic gemini surfactants (IBCGS) have been synthesized, having same hydrocarbon chain lengths and different spacers. The impacts of type and nature of spacer on Krafft temperatures (T_K) have been examined. Micellization behaviors of IBCGS have been investigated at different temperatures above T_K by both surface tension and specific conductivity measurements. Surface activity properties of aqueous systems have been calculated using the results of the measurement data. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface pressure at CMC (П_CMC), minimum area of head group (A_min), degree of counterion binding (β), degree of counterion dissociation (α), and maximum surface excess (Γ_max) of IBCGS have been calculated with data of surface tension and specific conductivity. IBCGS have low CMC values than other imidazole categories of gemini and monomeric cationic surfactants. Micelle aggregation number (N_agg) values have been determined with the steady-state fluorescence quenching method. The values of N_agg have been found in the range of 19–28. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of IBCGS on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have been investigated. IBCGS studied in this article have showed perfect antibacterial activity particularly against gram-positive bacteria. The data obtained in this study may be benefical for the surfactant applications in different areas.

中文翻译：

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具有不同间隔基的新型阳离子双子表面活性剂的合成、表征、抗菌活性以及界面和胶束特征

在本研究中，合成了四种新型咪唑基阳离子双子表面活性剂 (IBCGS)，它们具有相同的烃链长度和不同的间隔基。已经检查了间隔物的类型和性质对克拉夫特温度 ( T _K ) 的影响。已经通过表面张力和比电导率测量研究了 IBCGS 在高于T _K的不同温度下的胶束化行为。已经使用测量数据的结果计算了水性体系的表面活性特性。临界胶束浓度 (CMC)、CMC 处的表面压力 (П _CMC )、头基团的最小面积 ( A _min )、反离子结合程度 ( β))、反离子离解度 ( α ) 和IBCGS 的最大表面过量 (Γ _max ) 已用表面张力和比电导率数据计算。IBCGS 的 CMC 值低于其他咪唑类双子和单体阳离子表面活性剂。胶束聚集数 ( N _agg ) 值已用稳态荧光淬灭方法确定。N _agg的值已发现在 19-28 的范围内。此外，还研究了 IBCGS 对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。本文中研究的 IBCGS 显示出完美的抗菌活性，特别是对革兰氏阳性菌。本研究中获得的数据可能有益于表面活性剂在不同领域的应用。