Weathering would produce damage to objects. This paper proposed a method to monitor geochemical variations on outcrop surfaces, through in situ measurement using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyser at high spatial resolution, and qualitative and quantitative determination of elemental gains and losses based on spatial patterns of elemental concentrations and calculated enrichment factors. Taking into account the representativeness of sample matrices, a weathering diabase profile consisting of saprolite and the corresponding rock was selected. Comparisons were made between the laboratory results and the pXRF results, besides, the difference between the two test modes based on different calibration principles (mining mode: Fundamental Parameters calibration; soil mode: Compton normalization) in measuring multi-matrices was evaluated. The pXRF results were comparable to the laboratory results for most elements (excellent correlation: Ca, K, Mn, Mo, Zn, and V; good correlation: Ti, Rb, and Sr; moderate correlation: Fe, Si, and Zr; bad correlation: Ba and Al). Much lower readings for light elements would be obtained from the mining mode when loose samples were analysed, and the soil mode was more suitable for measuring a weathering profile, and if light elements such as Mg, Al, and Si are involved, the mining mode can be used, and the reading ranges of the light elements will require verification. Elemental enrichment and depletion were discussed based the spatial pattern of elemental concentrations, and four groups of elements of continuous emigration, slight emigration, local immigration caused by later veins, and continuous immigration with weathering were effectively discriminated based on the spatial pattern of elemental enrichment factors in the profile. Using this method we could rapidly ascertain the migration characteristics of multielements and locate the spatial positions of intense weathering, providing a new insight into the measuring and monitoring of chemical changes with weathering in rock outcrop, building stone, and so on.

风化会对物体造成损坏。本文提出了一种监测露头表面地球化学变化的方法，通过使用便携式 X 射线荧光 (pXRF) 分析仪在高空间分辨率下进行原位测量，并根据元素浓度和元素的空间模式定性和定量确定元素得失。计算的富集因子。考虑到样品基质的代表性，选择了由腐泥土和相应岩石组成的风化辉绿岩剖面。将实验室结果与pXRF结果进行了比较，并评估了基于不同校准原理的两种测试模式（挖掘模式：基本参数校准；土壤模式：康普顿归一化）在测量多矩阵方面的差异。pXRF 结果与大多数元素的实验室结果相当（良好的相关性：Ca、K、Mn、Mo、Zn 和 V；良好的相关性：Ti、Rb 和 Sr；中等的相关性：Fe、Si 和 Zr；差相关性：Ba 和 Al）。分析松散样品时，从采矿模式获得的轻元素读数要低得多，土壤模式更适合测量风化剖面，如果涉及轻元素如 Mg、Al 和 Si，则采矿模式可以使用，并且轻元素的读取范围需要验证。从元素浓度的空间格局、连续迁移、轻微迁移、后期脉引起的局部迁移4组元素讨论了元素的富集和消耗，基于剖面中元素富集因子的空间格局，有效区分了风化的连续移民。使用该方法可以快速确定多元素的迁移特征，定位强烈风化的空间位置，为岩石露头、建筑石材等风化化学变化的测量和监测提供新的思路。