Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials with remarkable potential for biomedical applications. The planar topography of these nanomaterials confers unique physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties, making them attractive candidates for therapeutic delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, regenerative medicine, and additive manufacturing strategies. The high surface-to-volume ratio of 2D nanomaterials promotes enhanced interactions with biomolecules and cells. A range of 2D nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), layered silicates (nanoclays), 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal–organic framework (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and polymer nanosheets have been investigated for their potential in biomedical applications. Here, we will critically evaluate recent advances of 2D nanomaterial strategies in biomedical engineering and discuss emerging approaches and current limitations associated with these nanomaterials. Due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, this new class of nanomaterials has the potential to become a platform technology in regenerative medicine and other biomedical applications.

二维（2D）纳米材料是一类新兴的生物材料，在生物医学应用方面具有巨大的潜力。这些纳米材料的平面形貌赋予了独特的物理、化学、电子和光学特性，使其成为治疗递送、生物传感、生物成像、再生医学和增材制造策略的有吸引力的候选者。二维纳米材料的高表面积与体积比促进增强与生物分子和细胞的相互作用。一系列二维纳米材料，包括过渡金属二硫化物 (TMD)、层状双氢氧化物 (LDH)、层状硅酸盐（纳米粘土）、二维金属碳化物和氮化物 (MXene)、金属有机骨架 (MOF)、共价有机骨架 (COF)聚合物纳米片在生物医学应用中的潜力已得到研究。在这里，我们将批判性地评估生物医学工程中二维纳米材料策略的最新进展，并讨论与这些纳米材料相关的新兴方法和当前的局限性。由于其独特的物理、化学和生物特性，这类新型纳米材料有潜力成为再生医学和其他生物医学应用的平台技术。