1. There is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase.
2. One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature.
3. Here, we present a low-cost, easily assembled and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water—the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE)—and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools.
4. During our 3-hr heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4℃ warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8℃ cooler than control pools.
5. The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Furthermore, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.

中文翻译：

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改造丙烷火鸡油炸锅以控制水生环境中的温度

1. 随着平均温度和极端温度的可能性不断增加，越来越需要更好地了解变化的热状况对生物多样性和生态系统功能的潜在影响。
2. 在社区层面确定热驱动变化的机制和途径的一种有价值的方法是通过控制现场温度。然而，在存在方法的情况下，它们通常成本高昂或无法产生与生态相关的温度变化。
3. 在这里，我们为潮汐池或其他小型水体展示了一种低成本、易于组装且易于定制的热操纵系统——了解热效应的海滨阵列 (SAUTE)——并展示其有效改变潮汐池温度的能力.
4. 在我们 3 小时的加热操作期间，加热池的温度比未操作的池高 4℃。在冷却操作过程中，冷却池比对照池平均保持 1.8℃ 的温度。
5. 新型 SAUTE 系统可用于原位改变潮汐池的温度。此外，它可以修改为以现实和有意义的方式加热其他环境，如淡水泉水池和定居地砖，作为测试围绕气候变暖、热变异和自然水生社区生态过程之间关系问题的有用工具。