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Current and Predicted Future Winter Warm Spells Would Affect Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), Franco) Seeds in the Early Stage of Germination More Than in the Late Stage of Germination
Forests ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.3390/f12060796
Szymon Jastrzębowski , Joanna Ukalska , Adam Guziejko , Radosław Puchałka

Most tree species in the temperate climatic zone (including Douglas fir) disperse seeds in autumn. Some of them must be exposed to cold (0–10 °C) and moist conditions (cold stratification) to overcome dormancy and trigger germination. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter warm spells occur more frequently and last longer than in recent decades from eastern Canada to Europe. Our main research objective was to investigate the influence of current (1 or 3 days at day/night temperatures: 15 °C/10 °C) and future predicted (5 days at day/night temperatures: 25 °C/15 °C) winter warm spells on dormancy breaking and germination traits (germination energy—GE; germination capacity—GC; final germination capacity—FGC) of Douglas fir seeds from four old-growth stands in northern Poland. For this purpose, we interrupted cold stratification of seeds at different time points, i.e., after 3 weeks; 6 weeks; 9 or 3 weeks and 6 weeks; 3 and 9 weeks; 6 and 9 weeks; 3 and 6 weeks and 9 weeks. We found that for GE and GC, all main effects (populations—P; days of warm spell—D; stratification duration—W) and interactions were significant (except interaction P×D). FGC was significantly affected by the effects P and D and interactions of D × W and P × D × W. In addition, we found that the predicted warm spells negatively affected the early germination stage (GE and GC) of Douglas fir, but both current and future predicted winter conditions will not negatively affect the late germination stage (FGC).

中文翻译:

当前和预测的未来冬季温暖法术对花旗松(Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), Franco)种子萌发早期的影响大于萌发后​​期的种子

温带气候区的大多数树种(包括花旗松)在秋季散播种子。其中一些必须暴露在寒冷(0-10°C)和潮湿的条件下(冷分层)才能克服休眠并触发发芽。在北半球,从加拿大东部到欧洲,与近几十年来相比,冬季暖期发生的频率更高,持续时间也更长。我们的主要研究目标是调查当前(白天/夜晚温度:15°C/10°C 下的 1 或 3 天)和未来预测(白天/夜晚温度:25°C/15°C 下的 5 天)的影响冬暖期对来自波兰北部四个老林的花旗松种子的休眠破坏和发芽性状(发芽能量 - GE;发芽能力 - GC;最终发芽能力 - FGC)的影响。以此目的,我们在不同的时间点(即 3 周后)中断了种子的冷分层;6 周;9 或 3 周和 6 周;3 和 9 周;6 和 9 周;3 周和 6 周和 9 周。我们发现,对于 GE 和 GC,所有主效应(种群——P;暖期天数——D;分层持续时间——W)和交互作用都显着(交互作用 P×D 除外)。FGC 受 P 和 D 的影响以及 D × W 和 P × D × W 的相互作用的显着影响。此外,我们发现预测的暖期对花旗松的早期萌发阶段(GE 和 GC)产生负面影响,但两者都当前和未来预测的冬季条件不会对后期萌发阶段 (FGC) 产生负面影响。所有主效应(人口—P;暖期天数—D;分层持续时间—W)和交互作用均显着(交互作用P×D除外)。FGC 受 P 和 D 的影响以及 D × W 和 P × D × W 的相互作用的显着影响。此外,我们发现预测的暖期对花旗松的早期萌发阶段(GE 和 GC)产生负面影响,但两者都当前和未来预测的冬季条件不会对后期萌发阶段 (FGC) 产生负面影响。所有主效应(人口—P;暖期天数—D;分层持续时间—W)和交互作用均显着(交互作用P×D除外)。FGC 受 P 和 D 的影响以及 D × W 和 P × D × W 的相互作用的显着影响。此外,我们发现预测的暖期对花旗松的早期萌发阶段(GE 和 GC)产生负面影响,但两者都当前和未来预测的冬季条件不会对后期萌发阶段 (FGC) 产生负面影响。
更新日期:2021-06-17
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