The complementary activity of 4-hydroxphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors and atrazine is well documented, but the use of atrazine is restricted in some geographic areas, including the province of Quebec in Canada, necessitating the evaluation of atrazine alternatives and their interactions with HPPD inhibitors. The objectives of this study were to determine whether mixing HPPD inhibitors with atrazine alternative photosystem II (PS II) inhibitors, such as metribuzin and linuron applied PRE or bromoxynil and bentazon applied POST, results in similar control of multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] in corn (Zea mays L.). Ten field trials, five with herbicides applied PRE and five with herbicides applied POST, were conducted in Ontario, Canada, in fields infested with MHR A. tuberculatus. Isoxaflutole, applied PRE, controlled MHR A. tuberculatus 58% to 76%; control increased 17% to 34% with the addition of atrazine, metribuzin, or linuron at three of five sites across 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk after application (WAA). The interaction between isoxaflutole and PS II inhibitors, applied PRE, was additive for MHR A. tuberculatus control and biomass and density reduction. Mesotrione, tolpyralate, and topramezone, applied POST, controlled MHR A. tuberculatus 54% to 59%, 61%, and 44% to 45%, respectively, at two of five sites across 4, 8, and 12 WAA. The addition of atrazine, bromoxynil, or bentazon to mesotrione improved MHR A. tuberculatus control 29%, 34%, and 22%; to tolpyralate, improved control 2%, 20%, and 10%; and to topramezone, improved control 3%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. Interactions between HPPD and PS II inhibitors were mostly additive; however, synergistic responses were observed with mesotrione + bromoxynil or bentazon, and tolpyralate + bromoxynil. Mixing atrazine alternatives metribuzin or linuron with isoxaflutole, applied PRE, and bromoxynil or bentazon with mesotrione or tolpyralate, applied POST, resulted in similar or better control of MHR A. tuberculatus in corn.

中文翻译：

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4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶 (HPPD) 和阿特拉津替代光系统 II (PS II) 抑制剂的相互作用用于控制玉米中多种抗除草剂的水麻 (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶 (HPPD) 抑制剂和阿特拉津的互补活性已得到充分证明，但阿特拉津的使用在某些地理区域受到限制，包括加拿大魁北克省，因此需要评估阿特拉津替代品及其与 HPPD 抑制剂的相互作用. 本研究的目的是确定将 HPPD 抑制剂与阿特拉津替代光系统 II (PS II) 抑制剂混合使用，例如在 PRE 应用的metribuzin 和 linuron 或在 POST 应用的溴苯腈和苯达松，是否会导致对多种抗除草剂 (MHR) 水麻的类似控制[苋菜(Moq.) Sauer] 在玉米 (玉米L.)。在加拿大安大略省 MHR 侵染的田间进行了 10 次田间试验，其中 5 次使用 PRE 施用除草剂，5 次使用 POST 施用除草剂结核菌属. 异恶唑草酮，应用 PRE，控制 MHR结核菌属58% 至 76%；在施用后 2、4、8 和 12 周 (WAA) 的五个部位中的三个部位添加阿特拉津、metribuzin 或 linuron，对照增加了 17% 至 34%。应用 PRE 的异恶唑草酮和 PS II 抑制剂之间的相互作用对 MHR 有附加作用结核菌属控制和生物量和密度降低。Mesotrione、tolpyralate 和 topramezone，应用 POST，受控 MHR结核菌属在 4、8 和 12 WAA 的五个站点中的两个站点中，分别为 54% 到 59%、61% 和 44% 到 45%。在甲基磺草酮中添加阿特拉津、溴苯腈或苯达松可改善 MHR结核菌属控制 29%、34% 和 22%；对甲苯磺酸酯，提高控制 2%、20% 和 10%；和 topramezone，分别提高控制 3%、14% 和 8%。HPPD 和 PS II 抑制剂之间的相互作用主要是相加的；然而，使用甲基磺草酮 + 溴苯腈或苯达松和甲苯磺草酯 + 溴苯腈时观察到协同反应。将阿特拉津替代品 metribuzin 或 linuron 与异恶唑草酮混合，应用 PRE，溴苯腈或苯达松与甲基磺草酮或甲苯磺隆混合，应用 POST，导致类似或更好地控制 MHR结核菌属在玉米。