The association between how citizens perceive economic performance, insecurity, or corruption and how they evaluate the president varies systematically across Latin American countries and within them over time. In particular, while presidential popularity reflects these outcomes in the average Latin American country, survey data from 2006–17 confirm that the connection between government performance and presidential approval is generally stronger when unfragmented party systems or single-party majority governments make assessments of political responsibility easier. While these results suggest that the region’s citizens do not blindly blame the president for outcomes where political responsibility should be shared, they also remind us that there are many countries in the region where fragmented party systems weaken the conditions for effective political accountability.

中文翻译：

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拉丁美洲政党体系中经济、不安全和腐败的有条件问责制

公民如何看待经济表现、不安全感或腐败与他们如何评价总统之间的关联在拉丁美洲国家之间以及随着时间的推移而系统地变化。特别是，虽然总统受欢迎程度反映了拉丁美洲国家平均水平的这些结果，但 2006-17 年的调查数据证实，当完整的政党制度或单一政党多数政府对政治责任进行评估时，政府绩效与总统批准之间的联系通常更强更轻松。虽然这些结果表明该地区的公民不会盲目地指责总统应该分担政治责任的结果，