ABSTRACT Caring is greatly influenced by patriarchy, capitalism and family ethics that dichotomize the work of men and women. In the Philippines, the work of caring is undertaken largely by women and remains undervalued. In this paper, we examine care work using a feminist lens. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with three poor, elderly, Filipina women from coastal communities. Their narratives illustrate the many challenges and dilemmas they navigate, given their gendered social relations and multiple marginalization. These include their need to subscribe to the cultural norm of being good and loving wives, in order to fulfill expectations of mothering. They also work as Barangay (village) Health Workers (BHWs) despite being old, perform the role of dutiful daughters and cope with their husbands’ struggles. At the same time they have to deal with stereotypes and expectations as family providers and therefore place themselves last. This study emphasizes that poverty among poor, elderly women adds to their caring work, which in turn reinforces their marginalization. There is a need, therefore, to re-examine the family as a social construct where power relations may be better negotiated and the costs and benefits of caring can be equitably shared by both women and men.

中文翻译：

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Pagdipara：菲律宾伊洛伊洛沿海社区贫困老年妇女的护理工作

摘要 父权制、资本主义和家庭伦理对男性和女性的工作产生了很大的影响。在菲律宾，照顾工作主要由妇女承担，而且仍然被低估。在本文中，我们使用女权主义的视角来研究护理工作。数据是通过对来自沿海社区的三名贫穷、年长的菲律宾妇女进行深入访谈而获得的。鉴于他们的性别社会关系和多重边缘化，他们的叙述说明了他们面临的许多挑战和困境。这些包括他们需要遵守成为好妻子和慈爱妻子的文化规范，以实现对母亲的期望。尽管年事已高，但她们还担任 Barangay（乡村）卫生工作者 (BHW)，扮演孝顺女儿的角色并应对丈夫的挣扎。同时，作为家庭提供者，他们必须处理刻板印象和期望，因此将自己排在最后。这项研究强调，贫困老年妇女的贫困增加了她们的护理工作，这反过来又加剧了她们的边缘化。因此，有必要重新审视作为一种社会结构的家庭，在这种结构中，可以更好地协商权力关系，并且女性和男性可以公平地分担照顾的成本和收益。