ABSTRACT Analyzing 5 focus group interviews with 46 college-going men (18–25 years), this qualitative study specifically explores perspectives of young Turkish men about meanings and conceptualizations of masculinities and gender roles. Our study finds that they viewed masculinity as demonstrating and maintaining superior, tough, self-sufficient, exteriors. Homosocial practices, including sexual objectification, competition, and homophobia, are important for the maintenance of male dominance and masculinity. Our respondents felt that men should avoid housework so as not to be identified as feminine or ridiculed by their families or peers. In this qualitative study, we illustrate how masculinities and gender roles are shaped among college-going young men with specific examples from the interviews. The study revealed that, societal pressure stemming from cultural traditions and Islam has a significant influence on these men’s understanding of acceptable gender roles and masculinity. Based on these findings, we propose strategies to reformulate a healthy gender identity and to support young men at individual, community, and societal levels.

中文翻译：

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是什么让男人成为“真正的男人”？：土耳其年​​轻男性对男性气质和性别角色的看法

摘要 通过分析对 46 名大学生（18-25 岁）进行的 5 次焦点小组访谈，这项定性研究专门探讨了土耳其年轻男性关于男性气质和性别角色的意义和概念化的观点。我们的研究发现，他们将男子气概视为展示和保持卓越、坚韧、自给自足的外表。同性恋行为，包括性物化、竞争和同性恋恐惧症，对于维持男性主导地位和男子气概很重要。我们的受访者认为男性应该避免做家务，以免被家人或同龄人认为是女性或嘲笑。在这项定性研究中，我们通过访谈中的具体例子说明了上大学的年轻男性如何塑造男性气质和性别角色。研究表明，来自文化传统和伊斯兰教的社会压力对这些男性对可接受的性别角色和男子气概的理解产生了重大影响。基于这些发现，我们提出了重新制定健康性别认同的策略，并在个人、社区和社会层面支持年轻男性。