Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of grapevine red blotch disease, which affects wine grapes and leads to reduced crop yield and quality. The pathogen-plant-vector relationship of GRBV is not well understood; however, some possible vectors have been identified: Caladonus coquilletti (Van Duzee; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Colladonus reductus (Van Duzee; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Erythroneura spp., Melanoliarus sp. (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), Osbornellus borealis DeLong. & Mohr (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Scaphytopius granticus (Ball; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Spissistilus festinus (Say). Of these species, S. festinus has been shown to transmit the virus to uninfected grapevines, making it of particular interest. Since the pathogen-plant-vector relationship of GRBV is not yet completely understood, pesticide use is not necessarily the best way to manage these possible vectors. Here we test if ground cover removal, by discing in spring, could reduce the activity of potential GRBV vectors. We show that S. festinus presence in the canopy was reduced in disc rows compared to just mowing the ground vegetation, whereas there were no differences in presence in the canopy between disc and mow rows of the other possible insect vectors. Erythroneura elegantula (Osborn; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a common pest of grapevines but not a candidate GRBV vector, was found to have higher densities in the canopy in disc rows compared to mow rows, an effect possibly mediated by changes in vine vigor associated with ground covers. We conclude that if S. festinus is a primary vector of GRBV, discing ground covers in early spring may be a viable way to reduce their presence in the vine canopy.

中文翻译：

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使用地被植物来控制三角紫花苜蓿、Spisstilus festinus（半翅目：膜翅目）和其他葡萄红斑病病毒的疑似载体

葡萄红斑病病毒（GRBV）是葡萄红斑病的病原体，它影响酿酒葡萄并导致作物产量和质量下降。GRBV 的病原体-植物-媒介关系尚不清楚；然而，已经确定了一些可能的载体：Caladonus coquilletti (Van Duzee; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Colladonus reductus (Van Duzee; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Erythroneura spp., Melanoliarus sp. （半翅目：慈溪科），Osbornellus borealis DeLong。& Mohr (半翅目: Cicadellidae), Scaphytopius granticus (Ball; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Spissistilus festinus (Say)。在这些物种中，S. festinus 已被证明可以将病毒传播给未受感染的葡萄藤，这使其特别受关注。由于 GRBV 的病原体-植物-媒介关系尚不完全清楚，使用杀虫剂不一定是管理这些可能的媒介的最佳方法。在这里，我们测试是否通过在春季盘旋去除地面覆盖物可以降低潜在 GRBV 载体的活动。我们表明，与仅修剪地面植被相比，圆盘行中的 S. festinus 存在减少，而其他可能的昆虫载体的圆盘行和修剪行之间的树冠中存在没有差异。Erythroneura meadowula (Osborn; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 是一种常见的葡萄藤害虫，但不是候选 GRBV 载体，被发现在圆盘行的树冠中的密度高于割草行，这种影响可能是由与地面覆盖物。我们得出结论，如果 S. festinus 是 GRBV 的主要载体，