The exploration and beneficiation of mineral coal involve managing acid mine drainage (AMD), the acidic and metallic ion composition of which requires adequate treatment for disposal. In the present work, a passive pilot-scale AMD treatment system was developed using open channels of calcitic (CL-I and CL-II) and dolomitic (DL-I and DL-II) limestone beds and mixtures with natural zeolites (NZ) and functionalized zeolites (FZ). Investigated parameters include pH, electrical conductivity, total acidity, total alkalinity, and concentrations of aluminum, iron and manganese ions. DL-I, CL-II and mixtures of CL-II/NZ and CL-II/FZ increased pH levels from 3.3 to 7.9, 8.2, 7.9 and 7.6, respectively; increased total alkalinity levels from 0 mg_CaCO3.L-1 to 20, 107, 42 and 34 mg_CaCO3.L-1, respectively; and reduced total acidity levels by 95, 91, 90 and 90%, respectively. All beds promoted the removal of aluminum, iron and manganese ions, but the CL-II/FZ mixture was the most efficient due to both neutralization and a higher uptake of manganese ions (roughly 99%), which are pollutants that are typically difficult to remove. The study results reveal ways to transform passive treatment systems using limestone beds and unconventional materials such as zeolites, combine neutralization and adsorption mechanisms in the same operation, ensure a simple maintenance and operational system and improve the economic and environmental sustainability of related processes.

矿物煤的勘探和选矿涉及管理酸性矿井排水 (AMD)，其酸性和金属离子成分需要经过充分处理才能处置。在目前的工作中，使用方解石（CL-I 和 CL-II）和白云石（DL-I 和 DL-II）石灰岩床和天然沸石混合物（NZ）的明渠开发了被动中试规模 AMD 处理系统和功能化沸石 (FZ)。研究的参数包括 pH 值、电导率、总酸度、总碱度以及铝、铁和锰离子的浓度。DL-I、CL-II 以及 CL-II/NZ 和 CL-II/FZ 的混合物将 pH 水平分别从 3.3 增加到 7.9、8.2、7.9 和 7.6；将总碱度水平从 0 mg _CaCO3.L-1增加到_{20、107、42}和 34 mg _CaCO3.L-1， 分别; 并分别将总酸度降低了 95%、91%、90% 和 90%。所有床都促进了铝、铁和锰离子的去除，但 CL-II/FZ 混合物是最有效的，因为它具有中和作用和更高的锰离子吸收率（大约 99%），锰离子是通常难以去除的污染物去掉。研究结果揭示了使用石灰石床和沸石等非常规材料改造被动处理系统的方法，在同一操作中结合中和和吸附机制，确保简单的维护和操作系统，并提高相关过程的经济和环境可持续性。