Recent and potential expansions in the transportation of diluted bitumen (dilbit) through marine terminals in coastal regions of British Columbia require the examination of potential risks to estuarine species such as Pacific salmon. The estuarine habitat of out-migrated pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) exhibits dynamic temperature and salinity regimes, possibly modifying dilbit exposure, bioavailability and/or its effects. To examine dilbit toxicity and its modification by environmental stressors, juvenile pinks were subchronically exposed for 3 months to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Cold Lake Blend dilbit (winter) in seawater at three salinities (7, 14, and 28 ‰ [temperature 12.5 °C]) and three temperatures (8.5, 12.5, and 16.5 °C [salinity of 28 ‰]). Temperature and salinity alone did not affect any measured endpoints in control fish. Dilbit exposure induced higher mortality at high (16.5 °C) and low temperatures (8.5 °C) as well as at higher salinity (28 ‰) in fish exposed to the highest dilution of WAF [total polycyclic aromatic compounds (TPAC) = 128.9 μg/L]. A concentration-dependent reduction of growth was evident in fish exposed to the medium (TPAC = 97.3 μg/L) and high dilution of WAF at higher temperatures (12.5 and 16.5 °C) and high salinity (28 ‰). At 28 ‰, swimming performance (U_burst) was decreased in fish exposed to the highest concentration of dilbit at all 3 temperatures. Gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity, white muscle lactate, glycogen, and triglyceride concentrations were altered by dilbit exposure and modified by temperature and salinity. In addition, gene expression associated with phase I biotransformation, energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and inflammation showed significant upregulation with exposure and temperature stress. Dilbit exposure at PAC concentrations in the ppb range, affected pink salmon at the molecular, biochemical, and whole organism level; effects that were exacerbated by environmental temperature and salinity.

通过不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海地区的海运码头运输稀释沥青（dilbit）的近期和潜在扩张需要检查对河口物种（如太平洋鲑鱼）的潜在风险。迁徙的粉红鲑鱼 ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)的河口栖息地) 表现出动态的温度和盐度状况，可能会改变沥青暴露、生物利用度和/或其影响。为检查天竺葵的毒性及其对环境压力的影响，将幼年粉红色亚慢性暴露于三种盐度（7、14 和 28 ‰）的海水中冷湖混合天竺鼠（冬季）的水适应部分 (WAF) 中。温度 12.5 °C]）和三个温度（8.5、12.5 和 16.5 °C [盐度 28 ‰]）。单独的温度和盐度不会影响对照鱼的任何测量终点。Dilbit 暴露在高温 (16.5 °C) 和低温 (8.5 °C) 以及更高盐度 (28 ‰) 下暴露于 WAF 最高稀释度的鱼中导致更高的死亡率 [总多环芳烃化合物 (TPAC) = 128.9 μg /L]。暴露于培养基 (TPAC = 97.3 μg/L) 和 WAF 在较高温度 (12.5 和 16.5 °C) 和高盐度 (28 ‰) 下的高稀释度的鱼的生长明显减少。28‰时，游泳成绩（U在所有 3 个温度下，暴露于最高浓度的 dilbit 的鱼的_爆裂) 减少。Gill Na ⁺ -K ⁺ -ATPase 活性、白肌乳酸、糖原和甘油三酯浓度会因接触二氯苯而改变，并因温度和盐度而改变。此外，与 I 期生物转化、能量代谢、线粒体活动和炎症相关的基因表达显示出随着暴露和温度应激的显着上调。在 ppb 范围内的 PAC 浓度下的 Dilbit 暴露在分子、生化和整个生物体水平上影响了粉红鲑鱼；环境温度和盐度加剧了这种影响。