The study examines the farmers' satisfaction and happiness after the land sale for urban expansion of Gurugram, Haryana, India, under the "Development Plan 2031AD for Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex". Data was collected through a self-administrated survey questionnaire from 177 male farmers (168 valid) of sixteen villages whose land has been acquired or sold for urban expansion using convenience-cum-judgmental sampling technique. The data analysis was carried out using factor analysis and PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling). The study reveals that income source and spending pattern after the land sale, i.e., occupation and rental income, rise in spending on children education, household items, gadgets, car/sport utility vehicle, shopping, leisure, and social events positively and significantly affect farmers' satisfaction. The urbanization facets, i.e., urbanized lifestyle, nuclear families, basic facilities such as water, electricity, roads, and transportation, significantly affect farmers' satisfaction. The results also show that improved living status and compensation and its utilization for future financial enrichment after the land sale substantially influence farmers' satisfaction. On the contrary, social facilities, i.e., educational institutions, banking, hospitals, recreational facilities, and social costs, i.e., pollution and health concerns have no significant impact on farmers' satisfaction. Notably, this study finds that after the land sale, farmers' satisfaction significantly affects their happiness.

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印度城市扩张土地出售后农民满意度和幸福感研究


该研究调查了印度哈里亚纳邦古尔冈市根据“古尔冈-马尼萨尔城市综合体发展计划 2031 年发展计划”出售土地用于城市扩张后农民的满意度和幸福感。数据是通过自填式调查问卷收集的，调查对象为 16 个村庄的 177 名男性农民（168 名有效），这些村庄的土地已被征用或出售用于城市扩张，采用方便和判断抽样技术。使用因子分析和PLS-SEM（偏最小二乘-结构方程模型）进行数据分析。研究表明，土地出售后的收入来源和支出模式，即职业和租金收入，以及儿童教育、家居用品、小玩意、汽车/运动型多用途车、购物、休闲和社交活动支出的增加，对农民满意度。城镇化方面，即城镇化生活方式、核心家庭、水、电、路、交通等基础设施，对农民满意度影响显着。研究结果还表明，土地出售后生活状况和补偿的改善及其对未来致富的利用显着影响农民的满意度。相反，社会设施，即教育机构、银行、医院、娱乐设施和社会成本，即污染和健康问题，对农民的满意度没有显着影响。值得注意的是，本研究发现，土地出售后，农民的满意度显着影响他们的幸福感。