Green Internet of things (GIoT) generally refers to a new generation of Internet of things design concept. It can save energy and reduce emissions, reduce environmental pollution, waste of resources, and harm to human body and environment, in which green smart device (GSD) is a basic unit of GIoT for saving energy. With the access of a large number of heterogeneous bottom-layer GSDs in GIoT, user access and control of GSDs have become more and more complicated. Since there is no unified GSD management system, users need to operate different GIoT applications and access different GIoT cloud platforms when accessing and controlling these heterogeneous GSDs. This fragmented GSD management model not only increases the complexity of user access and control for heterogeneous GSDs, but also reduces the scalability of GSDs applications. To address this issue, this article presents a blockchain-empowered general GSD access control framework, which provides users with a unified GSD management platform. First, based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) decentralized identifiers (DIDs) standard, users and GSD are issued visual identity ( VID ). Then, we extended the GSD-DIDs protocol to authenticate devices and users. Finally, based on the characteristics of decentralization and non-tampering of blockchain, a unified access control system for GSD was designed, including the registration, granting, and revoking of access rights. We implement and test on the Raspberry Pi device and the FISCO-BCOS alliance chain. The experimental results prove that the framework provides a unified and feasible way for users to achieve decentralized, lightweight, and fine-grained access control of GSDs. The solution reduces the complexity of accessing and controlling GSDs, enhances the scalability of GSD applications, as well as guarantees the credibility and immutability of permission data and identity data during access.

中文翻译：

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一种基于区块链的绿色物联网智能设备访问控制框架

绿色物联网（GIoT）泛指新一代物联网设计理念。可以节能减排，减少环境污染、资源浪费以及对人体和环境的危害，其中绿色智能设备（GSD）是GIoT节能的基本单元。随着GIoT中大量异构底层GSD的接入，用户对GSD的访问和控制变得越来越复杂。由于没有统一的GSD管理系统，用户在访问和控制这些异构的GSD时，需要操作不同的GIoT应用，访问不同的GIoT云平台。这种碎片化的 GSD 管理模式不仅增加了用户对异构 GSD 的访问和控制的复杂性，而且降低了 GSD 应用程序的可扩展性。针对这个问题，本文提出了一个区块链赋能的通用 GSD 访问控制框架，为用户提供了一个统一的 GSD 管理平台。首先，基于万维网联盟（W3C）去中心化标识符（DIDs）标准，为用户和 GSD 颁发视觉身份（视频）。然后，我们扩展了 GSD-DIDs 协议来验证设备和用户。最后，基于区块链去中心化和不可篡改的特点，设计了一个统一的GSD访问控制系统，包括访问权限的注册、授予和撤销。我们在树莓派设备和FISCO-BCOS联盟链上实现和测试。实验结果证明，该框架为用户实现去中心化、轻量级、细粒度的GSD访问控制提供了一种统一可行的途径。该方案降低了访问和控制 GSD 的复杂性，增强了 GSD 应用程序的可扩展性，并保证了访问过程中权限数据和身份数据的可信性和不变性。