Abstract

Gasification is one of the promising technologies for the use of solid fuels in power generation, chemical industries, and a number of related areas. Despite a significant amount of theoretical and experimental work performed in Russia, one of the key factors that limits the widespread commercialization of gasification technologies is the lack of practical experience of operation under industrial conditions or those close to them. To gain experience in managing the fixed-bed coal gasification technology, in autumn 2019, specialists of Tomsk Polytechnic University, based on the Ekoenergetika 4.0 (Ecoenergy Generation) research center in Tomsk, tested Russia’s first pilot fixed-bed gasifier with a capacity of 4 t of fuel per hour, which was developed at the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Research Institute. The tests were conducted using coals of four grades of the Kuznetsk and Kansk-Achinsk basins, viz., anthracite, long-flame and lean coals, and lignite. As a result of the tests, the technical feasibility of both individual components and the gasification plant as a whole was proven. In the course of the tests, high-quality synthesis gas was obtained with a calorific value in the range 6.0–8.3 MJ/m³, which makes its use as a fuel in combined-cycle plants with the reliable and stable ash removal possible. The possibility of using the gas produced in the tests of the fixed-bed gasifier for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer–Tropsch process has been experimentally established. Further, the possibility of producing coke and semicoke in the gasifier has been proven. The assessment of the reliability of the gasification plant performed using the ANSYS software based on the test data has shown a satisfactory lifetime of the plant with the expected service life of the most stressed gasifier components of 68 000 h.

中文翻译：

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固定床煤气化炉的中试

摘要

气化是在发电、化学工业和许多相关领域使用固体燃料的有前途的技术之一。尽管在俄罗斯进行了大量的理论和实验工作，但限制气化技术广泛商业化的关键因素之一是缺乏在工业条件下或接近工业条件下的实际操作经验。为获得固定床煤气化技术管理经验，2019 年秋季，托木斯克理工大学的专家在托木斯克的 Ekoenergetika 4.0（生态能源发电）研究中心测试了俄罗斯第一台容量为 4 t 燃料/小时，这是在全俄罗斯热工程研究所开发的。测试是使用库兹涅茨克和坎斯克-阿钦斯克盆地四个等级的煤进行的，即无烟煤、长焰煤和贫煤以及褐煤。测试结果证明了单个组件和整个气化装置的技术可行性。在测试过程中，获得了热值在 6.0-8.3 MJ/m 范围内的高质量合成气³，这使得它可以用作联合循环设备中的燃料，并具有可靠和稳定的除灰能力。使用固定床气化炉试验中产生的气体通过费-托法合成液态烃的可能性已经通过实验确定。此外，已经证明在气化炉中生产焦炭和半焦炭的可能性。使用基于测试数据的 ANSYS 软件对气化装置进行的可靠性评估表明，该装置具有令人满意的使用寿命，其中压力最大的气化器组件的预期使用寿命为 68 000 小时。