Abstract—

The development of new, heat-resistant high-chromium martensitic steels and mastering their production and use at the end of the last century made it possible to construct thermal power equipment for a steam temperature of 600–620°C. The manufacture of equipment made of these steels is supported by the necessary regulatory documents, and there is a positive experience of its long-term operation. An analysis and generalization of the results obtained from tests of steel grades P91 and Di82 for long-term strength have shown that the obtained values are in compliance with the requirements of Russian and European standards for using them at elevated steam parameters. However, the heat resistance properties of these steels at temperatures below 550°C are somewhat lower than the level stipulated by the European standard. As a result of a regression analysis of an experimental data array, an approximation in the form of a fifth-degree polynomial is proposed, which establishes the material service life dependence on temperature and stress for P91 and Di82 steels. In the course of investigations carried out at the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute (VTI), the main regularities pertinent to the development of the deformation and destruction processes in these steels under creep conditions were established. Specific correlations between the accumulated creep deformation and the metal microdamage degree with linking them to the worked-out service life fraction were established. These results formed the basis of the developed scale for classifying the chromium steel microdamage during long-term operation. The practical application of this scale opens the possibility to assess the service life exhaustion stage based on the scheduled diagnostics results, thereby contributing to achieving better operational reliability of equipment made of martensitic chromium steels. In Russia and in other industrially developed countries, a scientific and technical base has been created for manufacturing advanced equipment made of new chromium steels that allow this equipment to operate at temperatures up to 640°С. It is necessary to continue studies of the service characteristics of these new steels for their further improvement and subsequent introduction into production.

中文翻译：

---

热力和机械设备安全和运行可靠性

摘要-

上世纪末开发新型耐热高铬马氏体钢并掌握其生产和使用，使得建造蒸汽温度为600-620°C的热电设备成为可能。用这些钢材制造的设备得到了必要的规范文件的支持，并且长期运行有积极的经验。对钢种 P91 和 Di82 长期强度测试结果的分析和概括表明，获得的值符合俄罗斯和欧洲标准的要求，即在较高的蒸汽参数下使用它们。但是，这些钢在低于 550°C 的温度下的耐热性能略低于欧洲标准规定的水平。作为对实验数据数组的回归分析的结果，提出了五次多项式形式的近似值，它确定了 P91 和 Di82 钢的材料使用寿命与温度和应力的关系。在全俄罗斯热工程研究所 (VTI) 进行的调查过程中，确定了与蠕变条件下这些钢的变形和破坏过程发展相关的主要规律。建立了累积蠕变变形和金属微损伤程度之间的特定相关性，并将它们与计算出的使用寿命分数联系起来。这些结果构成了对长期运行过程中铬钢微损伤进行分类的开发尺度的基础。该量表的实际应用开启了根据预定诊断结果评估使用寿命耗尽阶段的可能性，从而有助于提高由马氏体铬钢制成的设备的运行可靠性。在俄罗斯和其他工业发达国家，已经为制造由新型铬钢制成的先进设备建立了科学和技术基础，使该设备能够在高达 640°С 的温度下运行。有必要继续研究这些新钢的使用特性，以进一步改进和随后引入生产。从而有助于提高由马氏体铬钢制成的设备的运行可靠性。在俄罗斯和其他工业发达国家，已经为制造由新型铬钢制成的先进设备建立了科学和技术基础，使该设备能够在高达 640°С 的温度下运行。有必要继续研究这些新钢的使用特性，以进一步改进和随后引入生产。从而有助于提高由马氏体铬钢制成的设备的运行可靠性。在俄罗斯和其他工业发达国家，已经为制造由新型铬钢制成的先进设备建立了科学和技术基础，使该设备能够在高达 640°С 的温度下运行。有必要继续研究这些新钢的使用特性，以进一步改进和随后引入生产。