Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effects of spent Flammulina velutipes substrate (SFS) amendment on microbial properties of cucumber continuous cropping soil.

Materials and methods

A laboratory microcosm experiment was designed with four treatments: fresh SFS (F-SFS), sterilized SFS (S-SFS), mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK) and control (CK). Soil chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and enzyme activity were determined on days 2, 7, 14, 28 and 56 after amendment. Soil microbial community structures and abundances were measured by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively.

Results

The results show that soil pH, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, MBC, MBN, abundances of bacteria and fungi and enzyme activity were significantly enhanced under the F-SFS and S-SFS treatments relative to the NPK and CK treatments. The DGGE profiles show that the soil bacterial and fungal community structures of both SFS treatments were significantly different from those of the NPK and CK treatments, and the highest levels of bacterial and fungal diversity were found in soil amended with fresh SFS (Shannon–Wiener diversity index showed highest bacterial diversity (3.78) at day 14 and highest fungal diversity (2.69) at day 28). The lowest values for the indices (Shannon for bacteria 2.48 at day 7 and Shannon for fungi 1.65 at Day 2) were observed in CK treatment.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the addition of SFS and of fresh SFS in particular can diversify microbial communities and enhance microbial biomass and enzyme activities in long-term cropped vegetable greenhouse soil.

中文翻译：

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金针菇（Flammulina velutipes）基质处理黄瓜连作土壤土壤微生物群落及酶活性评价

目的

本研究旨在评估用过的金针菇基质 (SFS) 改良剂对黄瓜连作土壤微生物特性的影响。

材料和方法

实验室微观实验设计了四种处理：新鲜 SFS (F-SFS)、灭菌 SFS (S-SFS)、矿物 NPK 肥料 (NPK) 和对照 (CK)。在修正后第 2、7、14、28 和 56 天测定土壤化学性质、微生物生物量碳 (MBC) 和氮 (MBN) 以及酶活性。土壤微生物群落结构和丰度分别通过变性梯度凝胶电泳 (DGGE) 和实时定量 PCR 进行测量。

结果

结果表明，相对于NPK和CK处理，F-SFS和S-SFS处理下土壤pH、总有机碳、溶解有机碳、MBC、MBN、细菌和真菌丰度和酶活性显着提高。DGGE 剖面显示，SFS 处理的土壤细菌和真菌群落结构与 NPK 和 CK 处理的土壤细菌和真菌群落结构显着不同，并且在用新鲜 SFS（香农-维纳多样性）修正的土壤中发现了最高水平的细菌和真菌多样性指数显示第 14 天的细菌多样性最高 (3.78)，第 28 天的真菌多样性最高 (2.69)。在 CK 处理中观察到指数的最低值（第 7 天细菌的香农为 2.48，真菌的香农为第 2 天为 1.65）。

结论

这些发现表明，添加 SFS 尤其是新鲜 SFS 可以使微生物群落多样化，并增强长期种植蔬菜温室土壤中的微生物生物量和酶活性。