Air pollution exposure has been linked with glucose dysregulation in pregnant women; however, evidence on these associations with fetal glucose homeostasis is unclear yet. We therefore aimed to evaluate the association of prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and traffic indicators with fetal glucose homeostasis in cord blood samples. A total of 169 mother-infant pairs recruited from Mobini hospital of Sabzevar, Iran, were included in this cross-sectional study. Maternal exposure to PMs was estimated using land use regression models. Moreover, traffic indicators (i.e., total street length in 100, 300 and 500 m buffers and distance from residential home to the nearest major roads) were calculated based on the street map of Sabzevar. Cord blood glucose and insulin concentrations, HOMA-ꞵ, HOMA-S and HOMA-IR were used as glucose homeostasis markers. Higher maternal exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with higher cord blood glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR. Moreover, total streets length in 300 m buffer was positively associated with cord blood glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR. An increase in distance to major roads was associated with higher HOMA-ꞵ and HOMA-S and lower cord blood glucose and insulin concentrations as well as HOMA-IR. Overall, we found prenatal exposure to PMs and traffic indicators was associated with a higher risk of glucose homeostasis dysregulation in the fetus.

空气污染暴露与孕妇的葡萄糖失调有关；然而，这些与胎儿葡萄糖稳态相关的证据尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在评估产前暴露于颗粒物 (PM) 和交通指标与脐带血样本中胎儿葡萄糖稳态的关联。从伊朗 Sabzevar 的 Mobini 医院招募的总共 169 对母婴被纳入这项横断面研究。使用土地利用回归模型估计母亲对 PM 的暴露。此外，交通指标（即 100、300 和 500 m 缓冲区中的总街道长度以及从住宅到最近的主要道路的距离）是根据 Sabzevar 的街道地图计算的。脐带血糖和胰岛素浓度，HOMA-ꞵ，HOMA-S 和 HOMA-IR 用作葡萄糖稳态标志物。孕产妇接触 PM 较高_2.5和 PM ₁₀与较高的脐带血葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度以及 HOMA-IR 相关。此外，300 m 缓冲液中的总街道长度与脐带血糖和胰岛素浓度以及 HOMA-IR 呈正相关。与主要道路距离的增加与较高的 HOMA-ꞵ 和 HOMA-S 以及较低的脐带血糖和胰岛素浓度以及 HOMA-IR 相关。总体而言，我们发现产前暴露于 PM 和交通指标与胎儿葡萄糖稳态失调的风险较高有关。