Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demand in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years, becoming the second major staple cereal after rice (Oryza sativa L.). Domestic production of wheat accounts for only 16% of domestic use. More than 30 wheat varieties have been released in the past 30 yr by the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI). In the last 10 yr alone, nine varieties with improved yield and disease resistance have been released. Bangladesh and the BWMRI lack the regulatory framework and infrastructure to accurately track the rate of adoption of these new releases. To determine the adoption of these varieties across the country, DNA fingerprinting of wheat samples was conducted across the six wheat growing regions in Bangladesh during the 2018–2019 cropping season. A reference library was established to compare and identify the wheat samples collected from farmers’ fields. Wheat grain samples collected from the fields and breeders’ lines were genotyped using Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseq)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of the 1,791 samples collected from farmers’ fields, 68% were identified as varieties released after 2000 and 32% matched with older varieties. Among the varieties grown, BARI Gom 25 represented 29% of the collected samples followed by 23% of BARI Gom 24 and 16% of BARI Gom 26. These three most common varieties were well distributed across the six regions and have broad adoption.

中文翻译：

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通过 DNA 指纹图谱评估孟加拉国小麦品种的采用情况

近年来，孟加拉国对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的需求显着增加，成为仅次于大米（Oryza sativaL.）。国内小麦产量仅占国内用量的 16%。孟加拉国小麦和玉米研究所 (BWMRI) 在过去 30 年中发布了 30 多个小麦品种。仅在过去的 10 年里，就有 9 个提高产量和抗病性的品种上市。孟加拉国和 BWMRI 缺乏监管框架和基础设施来准确跟踪这些新版本的采用率。为了确定这些品种在全国范围内的采用情况，在 2018-2019 种植季节期间，对孟加拉国六个小麦种植区的小麦样本进行了 DNA 指纹识别。建立了一个参考库，对从农民田间采集的小麦样品进行比较和鉴定。使用基于多样性阵列技术测序 (DArTseq) 的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记对从田间和育种系收集的小麦籽粒样品进行基因分型。在从农民田间采集的 1,791 个样本中，68% 被确定为 2000 年之后发布的品种，32% 与旧品种匹配。在种植的品种中，BARI Gom 25 占所收集样本的 29%，其次是 BARI Gom 24 的 23% 和 BARI Gom 26 的 16%。这三个最常见的品种分布在六个地区，并被广泛采用。