ABSTRACT

The Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) is the most comprehensive report to date assessing climate change science, impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States. The 1,500 page report covers a breadth of topics, ranging from foundational physical science to climate change response options. Here we present information on indicators and impacts of climate change in the human environment featured in NCA4 Volume II, focusing on: air quality, forest disturbance and wildfire, energy systems, and water resources. Observations, trends, and impacts of these aspects of our changing climate will be discussed, along with implications for the future.

Implications: People of the United States are already being affected by our changing climate. Information on observed changes and impacts that affect human welfare and society, along with projections for the future, is highly valuable for informing decision-makers, including utility managers, emergency planners, and other stakeholders, about climate risk assessment, adaptation, and mitigation options.

摘要

第四次国家气候评估 (NCA4) 是迄今为止评估美国气候变化科学、影响、风险和适应的最全面的报告。这份 1,500 页的报告涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础物理科学到气候变化响应选项。在这里，我们介绍了 NCA4 第二卷中气候变化对人类环境的指标和影响的信息，重点关注：空气质量、森林干扰和野火、能源系统和水资源。将讨论我们不断变化的气候这些方面的观察结果、趋势和影响，以及对未来的影响。

影响：美国人民已经受到气候变化的影响。有关影响人类福祉和社会的观察到的变化和影响的信息，以及对未来的预测，对于向决策者（包括公用事业经理、应急计划人员和其他利益相关者）提供有关气候风险评估、适应和缓解方案的信息非常有价值.