Multi-species foraging associations occur when one or more species forage together. However, these associations have not yet been studied during tool use in fishes. Observations were made of the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (De Vis 1885) in New Caledonia to determine whether other fishes attended it during tool-use events. A new subtype of attendant associations, "scavenging at anvil", formed during 15 of 16 tool-use events (94%). Six identifiable attendant families were observed: Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes; 3.7% of total attendant fishes), Balistidae (triggerfishes; 11.9%), Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes; 9.6%), Labridae (wrasses; 19.3%), Pomacanthidae (angelfishes; 0.7%) and Pomacentridae (damselfishes; 54.8%). Anvil choice significantly influenced the assemblages of attendants (p = 1.982e-10) but the size of C. graphicus did not (p = .4658). C. graphicus sometimes chased attendants but attendants did not behave aggressively towards C. graphicus or other attendants. C. graphicus appeared to be disadvantaged when attendants distracted it during tool use or scavenged its food. Attendants benefitted when they obtained food they could not otherwise access. Attendants may have responded to visual cues such as appearance, body movements and sand clouds, and auditory cues such as the "clack" sound made when a mollusc was struck on an anvil. Future studies should assess the importance of multi-species fish foraging associations during tool use to the ecology of coral reefs.

中文翻译：

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图形长牙鱼 Choerodon graphics (De Vis 1885) (Labridae) 使用工具期间的多物种鱼类觅食协会

当一个或多个物种一起觅食时，就会出现多物种觅食协会。然而，尚未在鱼类使用工具期间研究这些关联。对新喀里多尼亚的图形獒鱼 Choerodon graphics (De Vis 1885)进行了观察，以确定在工具使用活动期间是否有其他鱼类参与其中。在 16 次工具使用事件中的 15 次 (94%) 中形成了一种新的随行协会亚型，“在铁砧上拾荒”。观察到六个可识别的随从科：棘鱼科（刺尾鱼；占随行鱼类总数的 3.7%）、Balistidae（触发鱼；11.9%）、Chaetodontidae（蝴蝶鱼；9.6%）、Labridae（隆头鱼；19.3%）、Pomacanthidae；（0.0%）和 Pomacentridae（雀鲷；54.8%）。砧座的选择显着影响了服务员的组合（p = 1.982e-10) 但C的大小。 graphicus没有（p  = 0.4658）。Ç。 Graphicus有时会追赶服务员，但服务员不会对C表现得咄咄逼人。 图形或其他服务员。Ç。 图形当服务员在使用工具时分散它的注意力或清理它的食物时，它似乎处于不利地位。服务员在获得他们无法获得的食物时受益。服务员可能对外观、身体运动和沙云等视觉线索以及软体动物敲击铁砧时发出的“咔嗒”声等听觉线索做出反应。未来的研究应评估工具使用期间多物种鱼类觅食协会对珊瑚礁生态的重要性。