This article presents the evolving challenges and roles of our water resources in this contemporary world. First, water quality issues surrounding water supplies are discussed. Potential pathways to address the water quality challenges are presented, which include technological approaches for minimizing waste and enhancing resource recovery. Focused discussions on emerging global pollutants such as microplastics and PFAS (per- and poly-fluoro alkyl substances) and treatment alternatives are included. Next, the roles of used water (wastewater) in the wake of circular economy and recent outbreaks are discussed. The potential for energy and resource recovery possibilities and the critical role of wastewater treatment plants in controlling the spread of outbreaks are discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives on some of the key developments essential for transforming our water infrastructure, addressing water-centered socio-economic issues and the critical needs of digitalization in water sector operations are presented.

本文介绍了我们的水资源在当今世界不断变化的挑战和作用。首先，讨论围绕供水的水质问题。提出了解决水质挑战的潜在途径，其中包括减少浪费和加强资源回收的技术方法。重点讨论了新兴的全球污染物，如微塑料和 PFAS（全氟和多氟烷基物质）以及处理替代方案。接下来，讨论了循环经济和近期爆发后使用过的水（废水）的作用。详细讨论了能源和资源回收的可能性以及污水处理厂在控制疫情蔓延方面的关键作用。最后，