Abstract. Volcanic signatures archived in polar ice sheets provide important opportunities to date and correlate ice-core records as well as to investigate the environmental impacts of eruptions. Only the geochemical characterization of volcanic ash (tephra) embedded in the ice strata can confirm the source of the eruption, however, and is a requisite if historical eruption ages are to be used as valid chronological checks on annual ice layer counting. Here we report the investigation of ash particles in a Greenland ice core that are associated with a volcanic sulfuric acid layer previously attributed to the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius. Major and trace element composition of the particles indicates that the tephra does not derive from Vesuvius but most likely originates from an unidentified eruption in the Aleutian arc. Using ash dispersal modelling, we find that only an eruption large enough to include stratospheric injection is likely to account for the sizeable (24–85 μm) ash particles observed in the Greenland ice at this time. Despite its likely explosivity, this event does not appear to have triggered significant climate perturbations, unlike some other large extra-tropical eruptions. In light of a recent re-evaluation of the Greenland ice-core chronologies, our findings further challenge the previous dating of this volcanic event to 79 CE. We highlight the need for the revised Common Era ice-core chronology to be formally accepted by the wider ice-core and climate modelling communities in order to ensure robust age linkages to precisely dated historical and paleoclimate proxy records.

中文翻译：

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公元 79 年维苏威火山的历史性喷发中没有格陵兰火山灰的证据：对地质年代学和古气候学的影响

摘要。极地冰盖中存档的火山特征为确定日期和关联冰芯记录以及调查火山喷发对环境的影响提供了重要机会。然而，只有嵌入冰层中的火山灰 (tephra) 的地球化学特征才能确认火山喷发的来源，如果要将历史火山喷发年龄用作年度冰层计数的有效时间顺序检查，这是必要条件。在这里，我们报告了对格陵兰冰芯中灰烬颗粒的调查，这些颗粒与先前归因于 79 CE 维苏威火山喷发的火山硫酸层有关。颗粒的主要和微量元素组成表明，火山灰并非来自维苏威火山，而是最有可能来自阿留申岛弧的不明喷发。使用灰分散模型，我们发现，只有大到足以包括平流层注入的喷发才有可能解释此时在格陵兰冰中观察到的大量（24-85 微米）火山灰颗粒。尽管它可能具有爆炸性，但与其他一些大型温带火山喷发不同，该事件似乎并未引发重大的气候扰动。根据最近对格陵兰冰核年代学的重新评估，我们的研究结果进一步挑战了先前将这一火山事件确定为公元 79 年的年代。我们强调需要更广泛的冰芯和气候建模社区正式接受修订后的共同时代冰芯年表，以确保与精确日期的历史和古气候代理记录建立牢固的年龄联系。