Pingos are indicators of modern and past conditions of permafrost. In total, 1,620 pingos have been identified on the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in western Siberia. The main purpose of this study is to consider the distribution of stable isotopes in pingo ice cores formed under conditions of open and closed systems. Two pingos from ice cores of different origin in the continuous permafrost zone of northwest Siberia have been considered: the Messoyaha-1 pingo (10.5 m in height) and the Pestsovoe pingo (17 m in height). Drilling of the ice core was performed with continuous sampling of an undisturbed frozen core. Ice formation was estimated according to the Rayleigh fractionation in a closed-system versus an open-system framework. For the Pestsovoe pingo, a pronounced decrease in δ¹⁸O values with corresponding increase in d_exc with depth indicates a closed system upon freezing of the lake talik from the top down. For the Messoyakha-1 pingo, the values of δ¹⁸O and δ²Н showed a weak tendency to decrease with depth, with values of d_exc varying randomly. Ice that was segregated in the overlying and underlying sediments had similar values of δ¹⁸O and δ²Н and a low slope. Isotopically nonequilibrium ice formation was established for ice which had been segregated in a closed system and for ice cores formed in an open to semiclosed system. The vacuum mechanism of water suction from the surrounding lake or lake talik may have played a significant role during the formation of the upper ice core of the Messoyakha-1 pingo and its additional growth.

中文翻译：

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西伯利亚西北部 Messoyakha 和 Pestsovoe pingos 的稳定氧和氢同位素组成作为冰核形成的标志

Pingos 是现代和过去永久冻土状况的指标。在西伯利亚西部的亚马尔半岛和吉丹半岛，总共发现了 1,620 个 pingos。本研究的主要目的是考虑在开放和封闭系统条件下形成的平果冰芯中稳定同位素的分布。已经考虑了来自西伯利亚西北部连续多年冻土区不同来源冰芯的两个 pingo：Messoyaha-1 pingo（高 10.5 m）和 Pestsovoe pingo（高 17 m）。冰芯的钻孔是通过对未受干扰的冷冻芯连续取样进行的。冰的形成是根据封闭系统与开放系统框架中的瑞利分馏来估计的。对于 Pestsovoe pingo，δ ¹⁸显着减少d _exc随深度相应增加的 O 值表明在从上到下冻结湖 talik 时的封闭系统。对于Messoyakha-1 pingo，δ ¹⁸ O 和δ ² Н 值随深度呈弱下降趋势，d _exc值随机变化。在上覆和下伏沉积物中分离的冰具有相似的 δ ¹⁸ O 和 δ ^{2 值}Н 和低斜率。对于在封闭系统中分离的冰和在开放到半封闭系统中形成的冰核，建立了同位素非平衡冰形成。周围湖泊或塔里克湖吸水的真空机制可能在 Messoyakha-1 pingo 上部冰核的形成及其额外生长过程中发挥了重要作用。