Acceptable alternative eco-friendly tools in the present study were tested to control the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on greenhouse-cultivated vegetables. The nematicidal effect of rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Serratia), egg parasitic fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), abamectin (Streptomyces avermitilis), and 3 botanicals (colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis; moringa, Moringa oleifera; marigold, Tagetes erecta L.) singly or in combination was tested against M. incognita, in comparison with emamectin benzoate. In vitro treatments revealed that egg hatching and juvenile mortality were influenced by the type of bioagents, plant species of botanicals, and exposure time. All the tested bioagents and botanicals displayed nematicidal potential via their ovicidal and larvicidal action on egg hatching and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Three and 5 days post-treatment, abamectin and emamectin benzoate were more effective than P. lilacinum, Serratia and Pseudomonas, and C. colocynthis in inhibiting egg hatching: 96.31 and 94.88%; 95.79 and 94.05%; 94.11 and 94.46%; 85.54 and 87.28%; 88.87 and 84.30%, respectively. On the other hand, after 10 days, P. lilacinum gave the highest inhibition percentage (99.00%), followed by abamectin (89.25%). However, the difference was insignificant compared with the inhibition percentage of rhizobacteria, Serratia and Pseudomonas (88.69%; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, juvenile mortality was 100.0, 96.80, and 91.60% after 10 days of treatment, respectively. However, botanicals showed a lower effect on egg hatching and juvenile mortality. Under greenhouse conditions, potential antagonism towards M. incognita by application the mixture of biocontrol agents and botanicals was more effective in controlling M. incognita than single treatments. The combination of abamectin and/or emamectin benzoate with P. lilacinum and rhizobacteria was the most effective against M. incognita, followed by rhizobacteria and P. lilacinum, not only in decreasing galls and reproduction of M. incognita but also in increasing plant growth of tomato parameters than the control. The application of various bioagents including abamectin might be a potential antagonism strategy against phytonematodes in protected agricultural areas.

中文翻译：

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与杀线虫剂相比，使用阿维菌素、淡紫色紫苏、根际细菌和植物药的组合对番茄上的南方根结线虫进行综合管理

测试了本研究中可接受的替代环保工具，以控制温室栽培蔬菜上的根结线虫根结线虫 (Meloidogyne incognita)。根瘤菌（假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌）、卵寄生真菌（紫丁香）、阿维菌素（Streptomyces avermitilis）和 3 种植物药（colocynth、Citrullus colocynthis；辣木、辣木、辣木）的杀线虫作用。与 emamectin benzoate 相比，针对 M. incognita 进行了测试。体外处理表明，卵孵化和幼鱼死亡率受生物制剂类型、植物种类和暴露时间的影响。所有测试的生物制剂和植物药都通过它们对南方根结线虫的卵孵化和 J2 死亡率的杀卵和杀幼虫作用显示出杀线虫潜力。处理后第3天和第5天，阿维菌素和甲维菌素苯甲酸盐在抑制卵孵化方面比淡紫假单胞菌、沙雷氏菌和假单胞菌和C. colocynthis更有效：96.31和94.88%；95.79 和 94.05%；94.11 和 94.46%；85.54 和 87.28%；分别为 88.87 和 84.30%。另一方面，10 天后，淡紫色 P. lilacinum 的抑制百分比最高（99.00%），其次是阿维菌素（89.25%）。然而，与根际细菌、沙雷氏菌和假单胞菌的抑制百分比相比，差异并不显着（88.69%；p≤0.05）。此外，治疗 10 天后，青少年死亡率分别为 100.0、96.80 和 91.60%。然而，植物药对卵孵化和幼鱼死亡率的影响较小。在温室条件下，对 M. 的潜在拮抗作用。incognita 通过应用生物防治剂和植物药的混合物比单一处理更有效地控制 M. incognita。阿维菌素和/或甲维菌素苯甲酸盐与淡紫色和根际细菌的组合对 M. incognita 最有效，其次是根际细菌和 P. lilacinum，不仅可以减少 M. incognita 的瘿和繁殖，还可以增加植物生长番茄参数高于对照。包括阿维菌素在内的各种生物制剂的应用可能是农业保护区植物线虫的潜在拮抗策略。其次是根际细菌和淡紫色 P. lilacinum，与对照相比，不仅在减少瘿和 M. incognita 繁殖方面，而且在增加番茄参数的植物生长方面。包括阿维菌素在内的各种生物制剂的应用可能是农业保护区植物线虫的潜在拮抗策略。其次是根际细菌和淡紫色 P. lilacinum，与对照相比，不仅在减少瘿和 M. incognita 繁殖方面，而且在增加番茄参数的植物生长方面。包括阿维菌素在内的各种生物制剂的应用可能是农业保护区植物线虫的潜在拮抗策略。