Humanized mice have become an important workhorse model for HIV research. Advances that enabled development of a human immune system in immune deficient mouse strains have aided new basic research in HIV pathogenesis and immune dysfunction. The small animal features facilitate development of clinical interventions that are difficult to study in clinical cohorts, and avoid the high cost and regulatory burdens of using non-human primates. The model also overcomes the host restriction of HIV for human immune cells which limits discovery and translational research related to important co-infections of people living with HIV. In this review we emphasize recent advances in modeling bacterial and viral co-infections in the setting of HIV in humanized mice, especially neurological disease, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infections. Applications of current and future co-infection models to address important clinical and research questions are further discussed.

中文翻译：

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使用人源化小鼠增进我们对艾滋病毒合并感染和神经系统疾病的理解


人源化小鼠已成为艾滋病毒研究的重要主力模型。免疫缺陷小鼠品系中人类免疫系统发育的进展有助于艾滋病毒发病机制和免疫功能障碍的新基础研究。小动物的特征有助于开发难以在临床队列中研究的临床干预措施，并避免使用非人类灵长类动物的高成本和监管负担。该模型还克服了艾滋病毒对人类免疫细胞的宿主限制，这限制了与艾滋病毒感染者的重要合并感染相关的发现和转化研究。在这篇综述中，我们强调了人源化小鼠 HIV 环境下细菌和病毒双重感染建模的最新进展，特别是神经系统疾病、结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 双重感染。进一步讨论了当前和未来联合感染模型在解决重要临床和研究问题方面的应用。