It is foreseeable that the BeiDou navigation satellite system with global coverage (BDS-3) and the BeiDou navigation satellite (regional) system (BDS-2) will coexist in the next decade. Care should be taken to minimize the adverse impact of the receiver-related biases, including inter-system biases (ISBs), differential code biases (DCB), and differential phase biases (DPB) on the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) provided by global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Therefore, it is important to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver-related biases, especially in the context of the combination of BDS-3 and BDS-2, which have some differences in their signal level. We present a method that enables time-wise retrieval of between-receiver ISBs, DCB, and DPB from multi-frequency multi-GNSS observations. With this method, the time-wise estimates of the receiver-related biases between BDS-3 and BDS-2 are determined using all five frequencies available in different receiver pairs. Three major findings are suggested based on our test results. First, code ISBs are significant on the two overlapping frequencies B1II and B2b/B2I between BDS-3 and BDS-2 for a baseline with non-identical receiver pairs, which disrupts the compatibility of the two constellations. Second, epoch-wise DCB estimates of the same type in BDS-3 and BDS-2 can show noticeable differences. Thus, it is unreasonable to treat them as one constellation in PNT applications. Third, the DPB of BDS-3 and BDS-2 may have significant short-term variations, which can be attributed to, on the one hand, receivers composing baselines, and on the other hand, frequencies.

可以预见，未来十年，全球覆盖的北斗卫星导航系统（BDS-3）和北斗卫星导航（区域）系统（BDS-2）将共存。应注意尽量减少接收机相关偏差的不利影响，包括系统间偏差 (ISB)、差分码偏差 (DCB) 和差分相位偏差 (DPB) 对定位、导航和授时 (PNT) 的不利影响由全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 提供。因此，确定接收机相关偏差的内在特征非常重要，特别是在 BDS-3 和 BDS-2 组合的情况下，它们的信号电平存在一些差异。我们提出了一种方法，可以从多频多 GNSS 观测中按时间检索接收器之间的 ISB、DCB 和 DPB。用这种方法，BDS-3 和 BDS-2 之间接收器相关偏差的时间估计是使用不同接收器对中可用的所有五个频率来确定的。根据我们的测试结果，提出了三个主要发现。首先，对于具有不同接收器对的基线，代码 ISB 在 BDS-3 和 BDS-2 之间的两个重叠频率 B1II 和 B2b/B2I 上很重要，这破坏了两个星座的兼容性。其次，BDS-3 和 BDS-2 中相同类型的 epoch-wise DCB 估计可以显示出明显的差异。因此，将它们视为 PNT 应用中的一个星座是不合理的。第三，BDS-3 和 BDS-2 的 DPB 可能有显着的短期变化，这可以归因于，一方面是接收机构成基线，另一方面是频率。