In its wake, the COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a surge in the number of cases of mucormycosis. Most cases are temporally linked to COVID-19; hence, the entity is described as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). The present systematic review was undertaken to provide an up-to-date summary of the hitherto available literature on CAM. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till 14 May 2021, to identify case reports/case series pertaining to mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. Relevant data extracted included demographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, clinical category of mucormycosis, glucocorticoid use, treatment offered and patient outcome. We identified 30 case reports/case series, pooling data retrieved from 99 patients with CAM. Most cases were reported from India (72%). The majority of the patients was male (78%) and had diabetes mellitus (85%). A prior history of COVID-19 was present in 37% patients with mucormycosis developing after an initial recovery. The median time interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and the first evidence of mucormycosis infection or CAM diagnosis was 15 days. Glucocorticoid use was reported in 85% of cases. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis was most common (42%), followed by rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (24%). Pulmonary mucormycosis was observed in 10 patients (10%). The mortality rate was 34%; the use of adjunct surgery, which was undertaken in 81% of patients, was associated with better clinical outcomes (p < .001). In conclusion, CAM is an emerging problem necessitating increased vigilance in COVID-19 patients, even those who have recovered. CAM portends a poor prognosis and warrants early diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

---

COVID-19 相关毛霉菌病：最新的文献系统评价

随之而来的是，COVID-19 大流行导致毛霉菌病病例数量激增。大多数病例在时间上与 COVID-19 相关；因此，该实体被描述为 COVID-19 相关毛霉菌病 (CAM)。本系统评价旨在提供迄今为止关于 CAM 的文献的最新摘要。截至 2021 年 5 月 14 日，使用适当的关键字系统地搜索了 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库，以确定与 COVID-19 患者毛霉菌病相关的病例报告/病例系列。提取的相关数据包括人口学特征、合并症、毛霉菌病的临床类别、糖皮质激素的使用、提供的治疗和患者结果。我们确定了 30 份病例报告/病例系列，汇集了从 99 名 CAM 患者中检索到的数据。大多数病例来自印度（72%）。大多数患者为男性（78%）并患有糖尿病（85%）。37% 的毛霉菌病患者在初步康复后出现 COVID-19 的既往史。COVID-19 诊断与毛霉菌感染或 CAM 诊断的第一个证据之间的中位时间间隔为 15 天。85% 的病例报告使用糖皮质激素。鼻-眶毛霉菌病最常见（42%），其次是鼻-眶-脑毛霉菌病（24%）。在 10 名患者（10%）中观察到肺毛霉菌病。死亡率为34%；81% 的患者接受了辅助手术，与更好的临床结果相关（37% 的毛霉菌病患者在初步康复后出现 COVID-19 的既往史。COVID-19 诊断与毛霉菌感染或 CAM 诊断的第一个证据之间的中位时间间隔为 15 天。85% 的病例报告使用糖皮质激素。鼻-眶毛霉菌病最常见（42%），其次是鼻-眶-脑毛霉菌病（24%）。在 10 名患者（10%）中观察到肺毛霉菌病。死亡率为34%；81% 的患者接受了辅助手术，与更好的临床结果相关（37% 的毛霉菌病患者在初步康复后出现 COVID-19 的既往史。COVID-19 诊断与毛霉菌感染或 CAM 诊断的第一个证据之间的中位时间间隔为 15 天。85% 的病例报告使用糖皮质激素。鼻-眶毛霉菌病最常见（42%），其次是鼻-眶-脑毛霉菌病（24%）。在 10 名患者（10%）中观察到肺毛霉菌病。死亡率为34%；81% 的患者接受了辅助手术，与更好的临床结果相关（鼻-眶毛霉菌病最常见（42%），其次是鼻-眶-脑毛霉菌病（24%）。在 10 名患者（10%）中观察到肺毛霉菌病。死亡率为34%；81% 的患者接受了辅助手术，与更好的临床结果相关（鼻-眶毛霉菌病最常见（42%），其次是鼻-眶-脑毛霉菌病（24%）。在 10 名患者（10%）中观察到肺毛霉菌病。死亡率为34%；81% 的患者接受了辅助手术，与更好的临床结果相关（p  < .001)。总之，CAM 是一个新出现的问题，需要提高 COVID-19 患者的警惕性，即使是那些已经康复的患者。CAM 预示着预后不良，需要早期诊断和治疗。