The energy sector of today’s Rwanda has made a remarkable growth to some extent in recent years. Although Rwanda has natural energy resources (e.g., hydro, solar, and methane gas, etc.), the country currently has an installed electricity generation capacity of only 226.7 MW from its 45 power plants for a population of about 13 million in 2021. The current national rate of electrification in Rwanda is estimated to 54.5% (i.e.; 39.7% grid-connected and 14.8% off-grid connected systems). This clearly demonstrates that having access to electricity is still a challenge to numerous people not to mention some blackout-related problems. With the ambition of having electricity for all, concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) systems are regarded as solutions to the lack of electricity. The production of CSP has still not been seriously considered in Rwanda, even though the technology has attracted significant global attention. Heavy usage of conventional power has led to the depletion of fossil fuels. At the same time, it has highlighted its unfriendly relationship with the environment because of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission, which is a major cause of global warming. Solar power is another source of electricity that has the potential to generate electricity in Rwanda. Firstly, this paper summarizes the present status of CSP and PV systems in Rwanda. Secondly, we conducted a technoeconomic analysis for CSP and PV systems by considering their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The input data of the SWOT analysis were obtained from relevant shareholders from the government, power producers, minigrid, off-grid, and private companies in Rwanda. Lastly, the technical and economical feasibilities of CSP and PV microgrid systems in off-grid areas of Rwanda were conducted using the system advisor model (SAM). The simulation results indicate that the off-grid PV microgrid system for the rural community is the most cost-effective because of its low net present cost (NPC). According to the past literature, the outcomes of this paper through the SWOT analyses and the results obtained from the SAM model, both the CSP and PV systems could undoubtedly play a vital role in Rwanda’s rural electrification. In fact, PV systems are strongly recommended in Rwanda because they are rapid and cost-effective ways to provide utility-scale electricity for off-grid modern energy services to the millions of people who lack electricity access.

中文翻译：

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聚光太阳能和光伏系统：一种促进卢旺达人人享有可持续能源 (Se4all) 的新方法

当今卢旺达的能源部门近年来取得了一定程度的显着增长。尽管卢旺达拥有自然资源（例如水力、太阳能和甲烷气等），但该国目前的 45 座发电厂的装机容量仅为 226.7 兆瓦，到 2021 年可满足约 1,300 万人口的需求。目前卢旺达的全国电气化率估计为 54.5%（即：39.7% 并网系统和 14.8% 离网系统）。这清楚地表明，获得电力对许多人来说仍然是一个挑战，更不用说一些与停电相关的问题。为了实现人人有电的雄心，聚光太阳能 (CSP) 和光伏 (PV) 系统被视为解决电力短缺的方法。CSP 的生产在卢旺达仍未得到认真考虑，尽管该技术已引起全球广泛关注。传统能源的大量使用导致化石燃料的枯竭。同时，由于二氧化碳（CO₂) 排放，这是全球变暖的主要原因。太阳能是另一种有潜力在卢旺达发电的电力来源。首先，本文总结了卢旺达CSP和PV系统的现状。其次，我们对 CSP 和 PV 系统进行了技术经济分析，考虑了它们的优势、劣势、机会和威胁 (SWOT)。SWOT分析的输入数据来自卢旺达政府、电力生产商、微型电网、离网和私营公司的相关股东。最后，使用系统顾问模型 (SAM) 对卢旺达离网地区的 CSP 和光伏微电网系统的技术和经济可行性进行了评估。仿真结果表明，农村社区的离网光伏微电网系统由于其低净现值（NPC）而最具成本效益。根据以往文献、本文通过 SWOT 分析得出的结果以及从 SAM 模型获得的结果，CSP 和 PV 系统无疑都可以在卢旺达的农村电气化中发挥重要作用。事实上，在卢旺达强烈推荐光伏系统，因为它们是为数百万缺乏电力供应的人提供公用事业规模电力的离网现代能源服务的快速且具有成本效益的方式。CSP 和光伏系统无疑都可以在卢旺达的农村电气化中发挥重要作用。事实上，在卢旺达强烈推荐光伏系统，因为它们是为数百万缺乏电力供应的人提供公用事业规模电力的离网现代能源服务的快速且具有成本效益的方式。CSP 和光伏系统无疑都可以在卢旺达的农村电气化中发挥重要作用。事实上，在卢旺达强烈推荐光伏系统，因为它们是为数百万缺乏电力供应的人提供公用事业规模电力的离网现代能源服务的快速且具有成本效益的方式。