ABSTRACT

Pesticide use is increasingly under scrutiny for its environmental and human health impacts. While government leaders promote sustainable pest management, including reductions in pesticide usage, growers face pressure to produce agricultural commodities at high cosmetic standards, which often requires the use of pesticides. California (United States) has a productive agricultural industry, many sustainability initiatives and a government that actively regulates pesticide use. We identified two cases where it was possible to quantify cosmetic pesticide use in California: stink bug control in processing tomato and red colour and large size in table grape. Between 2009 and 2019, 1.47% and 7.7% of total hectares treated with pesticides were treated with the subset of cosmetic pesticides examined in this study in processing tomato, and table and raisin grape, respectively. Individual hectares can be treated with multiple pesticides that each adds to the total hectares. We identified unique hectares treated with cosmetic pesticides: 8.14% and 57.1% of harvested hectares received at least one application of a cosmetic pesticide in processing tomato, and table and raisin grape, respectively. The current food system that supports high cosmetic standards, and thus demands pesticide usage, can inhibit the adoption of and transition to sustainable agricultural systems.

摘要

农药的使用因其对环境和人类健康的影响而受到越来越多的审查。虽然政府领导人提倡可持续的害虫管理，包括减少农药的使用，但种植者面临着以高化妆品标准生产农产品的压力，这通常需要使用农药。加利福尼亚州（美国）拥有高产的农业产业、许多可持续发展举措以及积极监管农药使用的政府。我们确定了两个可以量化加利福尼亚化妆品农药使用的案例：番茄和红色加工中的臭虫控制以及鲜食葡萄中的大尺寸。在 2009 年至 2019 年期间，在处理番茄的过程中，有 1.47% 和 7.7% 的被杀虫剂处理的总公顷土地使用了本研究中检查的化妆品杀虫剂子集，和餐桌和葡萄干葡萄，分别。可以用多种杀虫剂处理个别公顷土地，每种杀虫剂都会增加总公顷土地。我们确定了使用化妆品杀虫剂处理的独特公顷土地：8.14% 和 57.1% 的收获公顷土地分别在番茄、鲜食和葡萄干葡萄加工中至少使用了一次化妆品杀虫剂。当前支持高化妆品标准并因此需要使用杀虫剂的食品系统可能会阻碍可持续农业系统的采用和过渡。和餐桌和葡萄干葡萄，分别。当前支持高化妆品标准并因此需要使用杀虫剂的食品系统可能会阻碍可持续农业系统的采用和过渡。和餐桌和葡萄干葡萄，分别。当前支持高化妆品标准并因此需要使用杀虫剂的食品系统可能会阻碍可持续农业系统的采用和过渡。