Particle physicist Martin Lewis Perl was recognized worldwide for his discovery of the τ (tau) lepton. For that achievement he received the 1982 Wolf Prize and shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 1981). Martin's distinctive approach to scientific investigation had its origins in his upbringing and in the influence of I. I. Rabi, his graduate advisor at Columbia University. After coming to Stanford University in 1963, Martin sought to understand why there should be two and only two families of leptons: the electron and its associated neutrino; and the muon and the muon neutrino. His discovery of the τ provided evidence for a third family of fundamental leptons. The bottom quark was discovered shortly afterward at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, providing evidence for a third family of quarks. Direct evidence for the τ neutrino came later, thereby completing the third lepton generat...

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Martin L. Perl (1927–2014)：传记回忆录

粒子物理学家马丁·刘易斯·珀尔 (Martin Lewis Perl) 因发现 τ (tau) 轻子而享誉全球。由于这一成就，他获得了 1982 年的沃尔夫奖，并分享了 1995 年的诺贝尔物理学奖。He was also a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 1981). 马丁独特的科学调查方法源于他的成长经历和他在哥伦比亚大学的研究生导师 II Rabi 的影响。1963 年来到斯坦福大学后，马丁试图理解为什么应该有两个而且只有两个轻子家族：电子及其相关的中微子；以及μ子和μ子中微子。他对 τ 的发现为第三个基本轻子家族提供了证据。不久之后，在费米国家加速器实验室发现了底夸克，为第三类夸克提供了证据。τ中微子的直接证据后来出现，从而完成了第三次轻子生成……