At modern laser facilities, energy densities ranging from 1 Mbar to many hundreds of gigabars can regularly be achieved. These high-energy states of matter last for mere moments, measured in nanoseconds to tens of picoseconds, but during those times numerous high-precision instruments can be employed, revealing remarkable compressed matter physics, radiation–hydrodynamics physics, laser–matter interaction physics, and nuclear physics processes. We review the current progress of high-energy-density physics at the National Ignition Facility and describe the underlying physical principles.

中文翻译：

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国家点火装置的高能密度物理

在现代激光设备中，可以定期实现从 1 兆巴到数百千兆巴的能量密度。这些物质的高能状态仅持续片刻，以纳秒到数十皮秒为单位，但在此期间可以使用许多高精度仪器，揭示非凡的压缩物质物理学、辐射-流体动力学物理学、激光-物质相互作用物理学，和核物理过程。我们回顾了国家点火设施高能量密度物理学的当前进展，并描述了基本的物理原理。