Abstract This paper analyses the unprecedented alignment between State, finance and construction in Brazil during the 2000s that enabled large contractors and developers to produce increasing volumes of housing for middle and low-income families. It empirically describes a capitalist structure of housing production focused on the ‘economic segment’. This commonly-used real estate market term refers to housing units with prices of up to USD 100,000. In analytic terms, this segment blurred the boundaries between the production of social housing (promoted by the State) and the housing market. From 2009, this production model was incorporated into the programme known as Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life), which has since – following the example of other Latin American countries – dictated the direction of Brazilian housing policy towards large-scale production. The empirical data used in this research were collected through three strategies: (i) documentary research; (ii) analysis of primary and secondary databases; and (iii) field research in construction companies. The results indicate that sophisticated real estate-financial mechanisms were tied to the housing production, while continuing an industrial production base with archaic elements and a dependence on public subsidies and housing policy.

中文翻译：

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前所未有的联合：巴西自 2000 年代以来的国家、金融、建筑和住房生产

摘要 本文分析了 2000 年代巴西国家、金融和建筑业之间前所未有的协调，这使得大型承包商和开发商能够为中低收入家庭生产越来越多的住房。它凭经验描述了以“经济部分”为重点的资本主义住房生产结构。这个常用的房地产市场术语是指价格高达 100,000 美元的住房单元。从分析的角度来看，这一部分模糊了社会住房生产（由国家推动）和住房市场之间的界限。从 2009 年开始，这种生产模式被纳入名为 Minha Casa、Minha Vida（我的房子，我的生活）的节目中，从那以后——以其他拉美国家为榜样——决定了巴西住房政策朝着大规模生产的方向发展。本研究中使用的实证数据是通过三种策略收集的：(i) 文献研究；(ii) 分析一级和二级数据库；(iii) 建筑公司的实地研究。结果表明，复杂的房地产金融机制与住房生产相关联，同时延续了具有陈旧元素和依赖公共补贴和住房政策的工业生产基础。