There is a well-documented paradigm-shift in eighteenth century Jesuit philosophy and science, at the very least in Central Europe: traditional scholastic version(s) of Aristotelianism were replaced by early modern rationalism (Wolff's systematisation of Leibnizian philosophy) and early modern science and mathematics. In the field of probability, this meant that the traditional Jesuit engagement with probability, uncertainty, and truthlikeness (in particular, as applied to moral theology) could translate into mathematical language, and can be analysed against the background of the accounts of probability, pre-mathematical Jesuit logic, Wolff's conceptual analysis, and Bernoullian mathematisation. The works of two Jesuit philosophers, Berthold Hauser and Sigismund Storchenau, can be related to this context. The core of their logic of (epistemic) probability is the account of negation (or ‘contradiction’) and implication (or ‘argument’), in particular, the algorithms for computing the reliability of one piece of evidence when compared to the respective counter-evidence and for computing the probability of a conclusion given the probability of its premises.

中文翻译：

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经院哲学与学术哲学之间的耶稣会概率逻辑

十八世纪耶稣会哲学和科学的范式转变，至少在中欧是有据可查的：亚里士多德主义的传统经院版本被早期现代理性主义（沃尔夫对莱布尼茨哲学的系统化）和早期现代科学所取代和数学。在概率领域，这意味着传统的耶稣会涉及概率、不确定性和真实性（特别是应用于道德神学）可以转化为数学语言，并且可以在概率解释的背景下进行分析。 -数学耶稣会逻辑、沃尔夫的概念分析和伯努利数学化。两位耶稣会哲学家 Berthold Hauser 和 Sigismund Storchenau 的作品可能与这种背景有关。