Abstract Franz Reuleaux and Alois Riedler were probably the best known professors of mechanical engineering in late nineteenth century Germany. The country was becoming one of the world’s leading industrial countries, and Reuleaux and Riedler tried to contribute to this process. They obtained patents, founded their own companies, invested in both already existing and newly erected firms, and worked as consultants. In doing so, Reuleaux lost nearly all his capital while Riedler became a millionaire. In this paper, I use the story of these two academics as cases for examining the following questions on academic entrepreneurship: What kind of commercial activities did these professors perform? What were the conflicts between the professors and the state bureaucracy on the one hand and industry on the other hand? What were the reasons for their success and failure? The case studies on Reuleaux and Riedler are based on printed and archival sources.

中文翻译：

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作为企业家的工程教授：Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905) 和 Alois Riedler (1850–1936) 的案例

摘要 Franz Reuleaux 和 Alois Riedler 可能是 19 世纪后期德国最著名的机械工程教授。该国正在成为世界领先的工业国家之一，鲁洛和里德勒试图为这一进程做出贡献。他们获得了专利，创立了自己的公司，投资于现有和新成立的公司，并担任顾问。在这样做的过程中，鲁洛几乎失去了所有的资本，而里德勒则成为了百万富翁。在本文中，我以这两位学者的故事作为案例来检验以下有关学术创业的问题：这些教授从事什么样的商业活动？一方面是教授与国家官僚机构之间​​的冲突，另一方面是行业之间的冲突是什么？他们成功和失败的原因是什么？Reuleaux 和 Riedler 的案例研究基于印刷和档案资料。