ABSTRACT The relationship of Modern Orthodox Jewish communities to technology is mediated by the calendar, following requirements to keep the Sabbath holy. As nineteenth-, twentieth-, and twentyfirst-century inventions reshaped work, public spaces, and domestic living, rabbis intensely debated whether, how, and why observant Jewish people should avoid using electric switches, kitchen appliances, elevators, and other everyday devices on the Sabbath. To justify their decisions, rabbis interrogated minute technical details of these objects. Sabbath prohibitions promoted innovation, as rabbis collaborated with Jewish engineers to create what they judged to be Sabbath-compliant adaptions of everyday technologies. Given that prominent rabbis often disagreed about proper technology use on the Sabbath, Jewish families had the opportunity to decide for themselves what counted as authentic devotion in handling personal and domestic technologies.

中文翻译：

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“记住安息日”：东正教犹太社区的技术决策和创新史

摘要 现代正统犹太社区与技术的关系由日历调节，遵循保持安息日为圣的要求。随着 19 世纪、20 世纪和 21 世纪的发明改变了工作、公共空间和家庭生活，拉比们激烈地争论着是否、如何以及为什么有敏锐观察力的犹太人应该避免在工作场所使用电开关、厨房用具、电梯和其他日常设备。安息日。为了证明他们的决定是正确的，拉比询问了这些物品的微小技术细节。安息日禁令促进了创新，因为拉比与犹太工程师合作创造了他们认为符合安息日的日常技术改编。鉴于著名的拉比经常对安息日的正确使用技术持不同意见，