ABSTRACT From the late nineteenth century onwards the Brazilian state founded several public institutions involved in oil exploration: the Geographical and Geological Commission of São Paulo (CGG, 1886), the Geological and Mineralogical Survey of Brazil (SGMB, 1907), the National Oil Council (CNP, 1938), and the state-run oil company Petrobras (1953). This article details the history of geophysical exploration in Brazil over the first half of the twentieth century and its role in transforming the country into a major oil producer, stressing the involvement of foreign experts and the role of imported technology. It focuses on the close relationship between Brazil and the United States in applying geophysics techniques to scrutinize Brazilian territory in the search for oil while unveiling the commercial and political dimensions of such technoscientific exchanges.

中文翻译：

---

巴西的应用地球物理学和国家石油工业的发展（1930 - 1960）

摘要 从 19 世纪后期开始，巴西国家成立了几个参与石油勘探的公共机构：圣保罗地理和地质委员会（CGG，1886 年）、巴西地质矿产调查局（SGMB，1907 年）、国家石油委员会(CNP, 1938) 和国有石油公司 Petrobras (1953)。本文详细介绍了 20 世纪上半叶巴西地球物理勘探的历史及其在将该国转变为主要石油生产国方面的作用，强调了外国专家的参与和引进技术的作用。