Since the 1990s, growing comprehension of the critical regulating function of tropical rain forests and awareness of their destruction have placed the Amazon at the center of international and national environmental and climate policies.1 The case of Brazil2 demonstrated that a mix of environmental (forest) laws can help to considerably slow down the high deforestation dynamics of the previous decades. This is supported by an appropriate deforestation monitoring system, a comprehensive network of protected areas and their effective management, and the enforcement of penalties in case of noncompliance (e.g., exclusion from public credits, penal sanctions). In addition, public and private-led market-oriented approaches have gained importance, such as supplychain interventions for cattle (e.g., Terms of Adjustment of Conduct, G4 ZeroDeforestation Agreement promoted by Deforestation in the Amazon.

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跨境一体化的不利一面：巴西马托格罗索州和玻利维亚圣克鲁斯低地的森林砍伐案例

自 1990 年代以来，人们对热带雨林的关键调节功能的日益了解和对其破坏的认识已将亚马逊置于国际和国家环境和气候政策的中心。 1 巴西的案例 2 表明，环境（森林）法律可以帮助大大减缓过去几十年的高森林砍伐动态。这得到了适当的森林砍伐监测系统、保护区及其有效管理的综合网络以及在违规情况下执行处罚（例如，从公共信贷中排除，刑事制裁）的支持。此外，公共和私人主导的以市场为导向的方法也越来越重要，例如对牛的供应链干预（例如，行为调整条款、