To date there have been limited attempts by energy law scholars to ensure that their research impacts upon legal practice and in particular upon the decision-making of judges. One of the aims of this article is to address this issue and call for the need of energy law scholars to re-engage with what their sub-discipline of law is and also to provide new scholarship that can bridge the gap between academics and professionals in energy law. This article aims to begin a wider movement across the energy law field of scholars with the aim of initiating and advancing the aim and direction of energy law. A central aim of this article is to begin a debate on whether a paradigm shift is needed in energy law. As part of this new initiative, three theoretical frameworks are advanced and these are as follows: (i) The Energy Law and Policy Triangle; (ii) The Theory of Change in Energy Law; and (iii) The Power of Energy Law: Targeted Legislation. These theories outlined in this article aim to highlight some of what scholars and practitioners should focus on, and present them with thinkingtools or theories of how to do so. In order to finalize the emergence of energy law as its own sub-discipline of law it needs its own theory to evolve and grow as other sub-disciplines of law do both in theory and in practice. 1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N Energy law and policy plays a vital role in the energy sector in the 21st century. It aims to ensure that societies meet their energy targets whether that is about the provision of increased energy security and/or economic benefits, and/or environmental goals. For many years, energy law has been developed to meet these societal aims. Yet, there has been little reflection by the legal community into aiming to understand energy law itself, and what it should aspire to. Indeed, it is a noted issue according to Judge Posner in the USA, that there is a disconnect between legal practice and academic debate in legal scholarship in general. This article argues that this is the case in energy law academic scholarship. To date there has been limited attempts by energy law scholars to ensure that their research impacts upon legal practice and in particular upon the decision-making of judges. One of the aims of this article is to address this issue and call for the need of energy law scholars to re-engage with what their sub-discipline of law is and also to provide new scholarship that can bridge the gap between academics and professionals in energy law. The aim of the article is also to reach out to legal practitioners, policymakers and other disciplines. In order to achieve this, it is necessary for energy law to have frameworks, systems and theories for how an * Queen Mary University of London Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Energy and Natural Resources Law Institute. Email: r.heffron@qmul.ac.uk ** University of Eastern Finland, UEF Law School. 1 RA Posner, How Judges Think (Harvard University Press 2008). VC The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the AIPN. All rights reserved. 1 Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 2016, 0, 1–14 doi: 10.1093/jwelb/jww009 Article The Journal of World Energy Law & Business Advance Access published May 5, 2016 by gest on M ay 6, 2016 htp://jw elb.oxfournals.org/ D ow nladed from energy law academic or professional ‘should’ think. These practitioners and other interdisciplinary scholars should be able to engage with energy law scholarship at the first instance and then enable the growth of energy law as a discipline through their additional perspective while also enriching the debate around what energy law should be. Energy law should complement one’s understanding as easily as other theories or frameworks that exist from other disciplines. For example, in the study of engineering in for energy sector there is a focus on the energy life cycle and how the infrastructure at each stage of the cycle should be complimentary. In biology, the system of the body is studied and energy production by the body is assessed through analysing Krebs life cycle. While Issac Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. These approaches to thinking about energy are easily transferable to interdisciplinary researchers and to date this has been lacking in energy law scholarship. This article aims to address this gap and provide theories or frameworks for ‘thinking’ about energy law and ones that are easily transferable to other disciplines. Periodically, there has been some academic debate in the literature as to what energy law should focus on as a discipline; however, this has been very limited. This article aims to begin a wider movement across the energy law field of scholars with the aim of initiating and advancing the aim and direction of energy law. In addition, as mentioned earlier there is the need also to reconnect academics and legal practitioners (including Judges) with the key academic debates in energy law. In essence therefore, what this article is really aiming to begin is a debate on whether a paradigm shift is needed in energy law. The key goal of this article is its intention to mark the beginning of the discussion of whether it is necessary to have a paradigm shift in energy law. In order to begin the debate, the article focuses on first discussing briefly what is energy law. Then the discussion moves to focusing on what the authors describe as three theoretical perspectives or new frameworks—and provide a contribution shifting our current paradigm of the thinking in energy law—that can be used to determine what good energy law should be, and these are as follows: • The Energy Law and Policy Triangle • The Theory of Change in Energy Law • The Power of Energy Law: Targeted Legislation The conclusion then analyses briefly the outlook for energy law in the future and also the future direction of this scholarship. This article does not intend to answer the question of what energy law should be. Its focus is to advance what are the issues that need to be considered in order to state what good energy law should consider. In essence, the articles present a number of theoretical perspectives that should be considered to enable scholars to identify what good energy law should include. Energy law for many years has adopted theoretical perspectives from other sub-disciplines of law and other disciplines themselves (in particular, economics). There is a need as a discipline develops to develop its own theories that aim to be more inclusive and offer more scope for debate. Energy law has to move beyond being focused on an economics-centred approach and consider solutions to some problems that do not have economic decision-making as their basis. As society advances, 2 For example, ‘International Energy Law as an Academic Discipline’ in Paul Babie and Paul Leadbeter (eds), Law as Change: Engaging with the Life and Scholarship of Adrian Bradbrook (University of Adelaide Press 2014) 223–55 or Adrian Bradbrook, ‘Energy Law as an Academic Discipline’ (1996) 14 J Energy Nat Res L 193. 3 To read more on ‘paradigm-shift’ please read Thomas Kuhn’s classic text on the issue: T Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (University of Chicago Press 1962). 4 This article in presenting three new frameworks about energy law builds on earlier views expressed in the author’s works and in particular: Heffron. R. J. 2015. Energy Law in Ireland. Roundhall, Thomson Reuters: Dublin, Ireland; and Heffron, R. J. 2015. Energy Law: An Introduction. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany. 2 Energy law in the 21st century: a paradigm shift by gest on M ay 6, 2016 htp://jw elb.oxfournals.org/ D ow nladed from and as the energy sector develops, energy law scholars need to question whether we need to have a paradigm shift in terms of the development of energy law. 2 . W H A T I S E N E R G Y L A W ? Energy law concerns the management of energy resources. This is a simple definition, and disguises that it is arguably one of the more complex areas of law. It demands that a scholar in the area engage with other disciplines to some degree, such as politics, economics, geography, environmental sciences and engineering. In 2015, energy law is still considered a new area (sub-discipline) of law. It appears not to have the established academic literature base of other legal areas. However, this is to misunderstand what energy law is. It has been in existence in different forms for over a century. In the 1800s and early 1900s, there was legislation to manage energy sectors such as coal and oil. These energy sources are known as fossil fuels (along with gas) and form one of the two main categories of energy sources. The other category is low-carbon energy sources which have been in development since after the Second World War (1945) and consist of nuclear energy, hydropower, wind, solar, biomass and several other minor renewable energy sources. Energy law has now come to the fore. It is beginning to be viewed with a holistic approach today whereas in the past it was divided into many parts—in general in relation to each type of energy source. There is a realization in the 21st century of the fundamental role that the energy sector plays in the economy of a country. It is an important sector for employment, future economic development and the personal health of a nation’s citizens. In particular, recently, it has been pushed high up the political agenda with the advent of climate change and policies concerning energy security. For example, the impacts of Russia’s ability to affect gas prices in the majority of the European Union (EU) have highlighted the importance of the energy sector at both EU and Member State level. Further, politicians can be credited with pushing the agenda, in part, because high energy prices—mainly electricity prices—have an influence on election outcomes. In addition, at an international level, there will over the

中文翻译：

---

21世纪能源法的发展：范式转变？

迄今为止，能源法学者试图确保他们的研究对法律实践，特别是对法官的决策产生影响的尝试有限。本文的目的之一是解决这个问题，并呼吁能源法学者重新参与他们的法律分支学科，并提供新的奖学金，以弥合学术界和专业人士之间的差距。能量法。本文旨在发起一场跨越能源法领域的更广泛的学者运动，旨在发起和推进能源法的目标和方向。本文的一个中心目的是开始辩论是否需要在能源法中进行范式转变。作为这项新举措的一部分，提出了三个理论框架，它们如下： (i) 能源法和政策三角；(ii) 能量法变化理论；(iii) 能源法的力量：有针对性的立法。本文概述的这些理论旨在强调学者和从业者应该关注的一些内容，并向他们展示如何做到这一点的思考工具或理论。为了最终确定能源法作为其自己的法律分支学科的出现，它需要自己的理论像其他法律分支学科在理论和实践上一样演进和发展。1 . 引言 能源法律和政策在 21 世纪的能源部门中发挥着至关重要的作用。它旨在确保社会实现其能源目标，无论是提供更高的能源安全和/或经济效益，和/或环境目标。多年来，能源法的制定是为了满足这些社会目标。然而，法律界几乎没有反思旨在了解能源法本身以及它应该追求什么。事实上，根据美国的波斯纳法官的说法，一个值得注意的问题是，在一般的法律学术中，法律实践和学术辩论之间存在脱节。本文认为，这就是能源法学术奖学金的情况。迄今为止，能源法学者试图确保他们的研究对法律实践，特别是对法官的决策产生影响的尝试有限。本文的目的之一是解决这个问题，并呼吁能源法学者重新参与他们的法律分支学科，并提供新的奖学金，以弥合学术界和专业人士之间的差距。能量法。本文的目的还在于接触法律从业者、政策制定者和其他学科。为了实现这一目标，能源法需要有一个框架、系统和理论来说明 *伦敦玛丽皇后大学商法研究中心、能源和自然资源法研究所的运作方式。电子邮件：r.heffron@qmul.ac.uk ** 东芬兰大学，UEF 法学院。1 RA Posner, How Judges Think (Harvard University Press 2008)。VC The Authors 2016。由牛津大学出版社代表 AIPN 出版。版权所有。1 Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 2016, 0, 1–14 doi: 10.1093/jwelb/jww009 文章 The Journal of World Energy Law & Business Advance Access 于 2016 年 5 月 5 日由 gest 于 2016 年 5 月 6 日出版 htp:/ /jw elb.oxfournals。来自能源法学者或专业人士的 org/Dow 认为“应该”。这些从业者和其他跨学科学者应该能够首先参与能源法学术研究，然后通过他们的其他视角促进能源法作为一门学科的发展，同时丰富围绕能源法应该是什么的辩论。能源法应该像其他学科中存在的其他理论或框架一样容易地补充一个人的理解。例如，在能源部门的工程研究中，重点关注能源生命周期以及该周期每个阶段的基础设施应该如何互补。在生物学中，研究身体的系统并通过分析克雷布斯生命周期来评估身体的能量产生。虽然艾萨克牛顿的第三运动定律指出，对于每个动作，都有一个相等但相反的反应。这些思考能源的方法很容易转移到跨学科研究人员身上，迄今为止，能源法学术界一直缺乏这种方法。本文旨在解决这一差距，并为“思考”能量定律和易于转移到其他学科的理论或框架提供理论或框架。关于能源法作为一门学科应该关注什么，文献中不时出现一些学术争论；然而，这非常有限。本文旨在发起一场跨越能源法领域的更广泛的学者运动，旨在发起和推进能源法的目标和方向。此外，如前所述，还需要将学术界和法律从业者（包括法官）与能源法的关键学术辩论重新联系起来。因此，本质上，本文真正要开始的是关于能源法是否需要范式转变的辩论。这篇文章的主要目标是标志着关于是否有必要在能量法中进行范式转变的讨论的开始。为了开始辩论，本文重点首先简要讨论什么是能量定律。然后讨论转向关注作者所描述的三个理论观点或新框架——并提供改变我们当前能源法思维范式的贡献——可用于确定应该是什么好的能源法，这些是如下：• 能源法与政策三角 • 能源法变迁理论 • 能源法的力量：有针对性的立法 结语然后简要分析了未来能源法的前景以及本研究的未来方向。本文不打算回答能量定律应该是什么的问题。它的重点是提出需要考虑的问题，以便说明良好的能源法应该考虑什么。从本质上讲，这些文章提出了一些应该考虑的理论观点，以使学者能够确定良好的能量定律应该包括哪些内容。多年来，能源法一直采用其他法律子学科和其他学科本身（特别是经济学）的理论观点。随着一门学科的发展，有必要发展自己的理论，旨在更具包容性并提供更多的辩论空间。能源法必须超越以经济学为中心的方法，并考虑解决一些没有经济决策作为基础的问题。随着社会的进步，2 例如，Paul Babie 和 Paul Leadbeter（编辑）中的“国际能源法作为一门学术学科”，Law as Change：Engaging with the Life and Scholarship of Adrian Bradbrook（阿德莱德大学出版社 2014 年）223–55或 Adrian Bradbrook, 'Energy Law as an Academic Discipline' (1996) 14 J Energy Nat Res L 193. 3 要阅读有关“范式转变”的更多信息，请阅读 Thomas Kuhn 关于该问题的经典著作：T Kuhn，科学结构革命（芝加哥大学出版社 1962 年）。4 这篇文章提出了关于能源法的三个新框架，它建立在作者早先在作者的作品中表达的观点的基础上，特别是：Heffron。RJ 2015。爱尔兰能源法。汤森路透 Roundhall：爱尔兰都柏林；和 Heffron, RJ 2015。能源法：简介。施普林格：德国海德堡。2 21 世纪的能源法：2016 年 5 月 6 日 gest 的范式转变 htp://jw elb.oxfournals.org/ 随着能源部门的发展，能源法学者需要质疑我们是否需要在能源法的发展方面进行范式转变。2 . 什么能量法？能源法涉及能源资源的管理。这是一个简单的定义，并伪装成可以说是更复杂的法律领域之一。它要求该领域的学者在一定程度上从事其他学科，如政治、经济、地理学、环境科学和工程。2015年，能源法仍被认为是一个新的法律领域（子学科）。它似乎没有其他法律领域的既定学术文献基础。然而，这是对能量定律的误解。一个多世纪以来，它一直以不同的形式存在。在 1800 年代和 1900 年代初期，有立法来管理煤炭和石油等能源部门。这些能源被称为化石燃料（连同天然气），是两大类能源之一。另一类是自第二次世界大战（1945 年）以来一直在发展的低碳能源，包括核能、水电、风能、太阳能、生物质和其他几种次要的可再生能源。能源法现已脱颖而出。今天开始用整体方法来看待它，而在过去它被分成许多部分——通常与每种类型的能源有关。在 21 世纪，人们认识到能源部门在一个国家的经济中所起的根本作用。它是就业、未来经济发展和国家公民个人健康的重要部门。特别是最近，随着气候变化和能源安全政策的出现，它被推到了政治议程的首位。例如，俄罗斯影响大部分欧盟（EU）天然气价格的能力的影响凸显了能源部门在欧盟和成员国层面的重要性。更多，推动议程的部分原因是高昂的能源价格——主要是电价——对选举结果有影响。此外，在国际层面，将有超过