The coronation of James II, a Catholic, brought about a profound political change in religious matters in the British Isles. At court, a Catholicizing process was introduced, supported by the monarch and the European diplomats who opened chapels in different parts of the city. However, this missionary effort had an unequal reception and caused a popular rejection against this new religious culture, leading to demonstrations of a markedly confessional nature. The chapel of the Spanish Embassy suffered the insults of the crowd on two occasions: the main consequence of these altercations was its destruction during the revolution of 1688. Although, superficially, this protest movement can be interpreted as anti-Catholic, it must be understood in a political context. With each new royal ruling, the protests gained strength until finally exploding after the flight of the King to France. This paper focuses on the popular protests and the explicit remonstrance of English Protestants against these Catholic altars and places of worship, with particular emphasis on the residence of Pedro Ronquillo. This study looks at popular protests and the reaction of the authorities, perceptions of the English and the use of the public sphere, the reception and dissemination of news and the impact of popular religious violence on foreign affairs in this crucial phase of English and European history.

中文翻译：

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民众抗议、公共领域和宫廷天主教。1685-1688 年对西班牙驻伦敦大使馆教堂的侮辱

天主教徒詹姆斯二世的加冕为不列颠群岛的宗教事务带来了深刻的政治变化。在法庭上，在君主和在城市不同地区开设小教堂的欧洲外交官的支持下，引入了天主教化进程。然而，这种传教努力受到了不平等的欢迎，并引起了对这种新宗教文化的普遍拒绝，导致了明显的忏悔性质的示威。西班牙大使馆的小教堂曾两次遭受群众的侮辱：这些争吵的主要后果是它在 1688 年革命期间被毁。虽然从表面上看，这场抗议运动可以解释为反天主教，但必须理解在政治背景下。随着每一个新的皇室裁决，抗议活动愈演愈烈，直到国王逃往法国后才最终爆发。本文重点关注英国新教徒对这些天主教祭坛和礼拜场所的民众抗议和明确抗议，特别强调佩德罗·朗基略 (Pedro Ronquillo) 的住所。本研究着眼于民众抗议和当局的反应、对英语的看法和公共领域的使用、新闻的接收和传播以及民众宗教暴力对英国和欧洲历史这一关键阶段外交事务的影响.