The 15 species of Mecyclothorax Sharp precinctive to New Caledonia are revised and shown by cladistic analysis to comprise a monophyletic lineage, here treated as subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel. The New Caledonian species of subgenus Phacothorax include Mecyclothorax fleutiauxi (Jeannel), M. najtae Deuve, and 13 newly described species: M. jeanneli sp. n., M. laterobustus sp. n., M. laterorectus sp. n., M. laterosinuatus sp. n., M. laterovatulus sp. n., M. manautei sp. n., M. megalovatulus sp. n., M. octavius sp. n., M. paniensis sp. n., M. picdupinsensis sp. n., M. plurisetosus sp. n., and two jointly authored species; M. kanak Moore & Liebherr sp. n., and M. mouensis Moore & Liebherr sp. n.. Subgenus Phacothorax is one of five subgenera recognized within genus Mecyclothorax based on cladistic analysis of 65 exemplar taxa utilizing information from 137 morphological characters. The four other monophyletic subgenera include the precinctive Australian Eucyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothorax blackburni [Sloane]), the precinctive Queensland Qecyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothorax storeyi Moore), the precinctive New Zealand Meonochilus Liebherr & Marris status n., and the geographically widespread and very diverse nominate subgenus, distributed from St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, eastward across Australia and New Guinea, and in the Sundas, Timor Leste, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, New Zealand, and the Society and Hawaiian Islands. The biogeographic history of Mecyclothorax can be derived from the parsimony cladogram time-calibrated by times of origin of particular geographic areas inhabited by resident representative species. Based on sister-group status of subgenus Phacothorax and subgenus Mecyclothorax, and occupation of Lord Howe Island–an island originating no earlier than 6 Ma–by the earliest divergent lineage within subgenus Mecyclothorax, the ancestor of present-day Phacothorax spp. is hypothesized to have colonized New Caledonia 6 Ma, subsequent both to Cretaceous Gondwanan vicariance as well as any Oligocene submergence. Area relationships among the New Caledonian Phacothorax point to earliest diversification incorporating the northern massifs, and most recent diversification on the ultramafic volcanic substrates in the south of Grand Terre. Flight wing loss has played an important role in shaping the various island faunas, both in their morphology as well as their diversity. The retention of flight capability in only a few of the many hundred Mecyclothorax spp. is presented in light of how populations evolve from macropterous colonizing propagules to vestigially winged specialists. Interspecific differences in genitalic structures for the sister-species pair M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli are shown to involve functional complementarity of male and female structures. Extensive geographic variation of male genitalia is demonstrated for several New Caledonian Mecyclothorax spp. This variation deviates from the geographically uniform male genitalia exhibited by species in the hyperdiverse Mecyclothorax radiation of Haleakalā volcano, Key Words

中文翻译：

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Mecyclothorax Sharp（鞘翅目，Carabidae，Moriomorphini）的分支分类和新喀里多尼亚亚属 Phacothorax Jeannel 的分类学修订

新喀里多尼亚的 Mecyclothorax Sharp 辖区的 15 种经过修订，并通过分支分析显示包含一个单系谱系，这里被视为 Phacothorax Jeannel 亚属。Phacothorax 亚属的新喀里多尼亚物种包括 Mecyclothorax fleutiauxi (Jeannel)、M. najtae Deuve 和 13 个新描述的物种：M. jeanneli sp.。n., M. laterobustus sp. n., M.偏侧直肠菌 n., M.偏侧鼻窦炎 sp. n., M.lateralovatulus sp. n., M. manautei sp. n., M. megalovatulus sp. n., M. Octavius sp. n., M. paniensis sp. n., M. picdupinensis sp. n., M. plurisetosus sp. n.，和两个共同创作的物种；M. kanak Moore & Liebherr sp. n. 和 M. mouensis Moore & Liebherr sp。n.. 亚属 Phacothorax 是 Mecyclothorax 属中公认的五个亚属之一，基于使用 137 个形态特征的信息对 65 个示例类群进行分支分析。其他四个单系亚属包括辖区澳大利亚真环胸亚属。n. （类型种 Mecyclothorax blackburni [Sloane]），昆士兰 Qecyclothorax subgen。n. （模式种 Mecyclothorax storeyi Moore）、新西兰 Meonochilus Liebherr & Marris 属地地位 n.，以及地理上广泛且非常多样化的指名亚属，分布于圣保罗和阿姆斯特丹群岛，向东跨越澳大利亚和新几内亚，以及巽他群岛、东帝汶、豪勋爵和诺福克群岛、新西兰以及社会和夏威夷群岛。Mecyclothorax 的生物地理历史可以从由常驻代表物种居住的特定地理区域的起源时间校准的简约进化枝图得出。基于 Phacothorax 亚属和 Mecyclothorax 亚属的姐妹群地位，以及对起源不早于 6 Ma 的豪勋爵岛的占领，由 Mecyclothorax 亚属中最早的不同谱系占据，现在 Phacothorax spp 的祖先。假设在白垩纪冈瓦纳纪和渐新世沉没之后殖民了新喀里多尼亚 6 Ma。New Caledonian Phacothorax 之间的区域关系表明最早的多样化包括北部地块，以及最近在 Grand Terre 南部超基性火山基底上的多样化。飞行翼损失在塑造各种岛屿动物群方面发挥了重要作用，无论是在形态还是多样性方面。在数百种 Mecyclothorax spp 中，只有少数保留了飞行能力。介绍了种群如何从大型定殖繁殖体进化为退化翅专家。姐妹物种对 M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli 生殖器结构的种间差异显示涉及雄性和雌性结构的功能互补性。几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 无论是在形态上还是在多样性上。在数百种 Mecyclothorax spp 中，只有少数保留了飞行能力。介绍了种群如何从大型定殖繁殖体进化为退化翅专家。姐妹物种对 M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli 生殖器结构的种间差异显示涉及雄性和雌性结构的功能互补性。几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 无论是在形态上还是在多样性上。在数百种 Mecyclothorax spp 中，只有少数保留了飞行能力。介绍了种群如何从大型定殖繁殖体进化为退化翅专家。姐妹物种对 M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli 生殖器结构的种间差异显示涉及雄性和雌性结构的功能互补性。几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 介绍了种群如何从大型定殖繁殖体进化为退化翅专家。姐妹物种对 M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli 生殖器结构的种间差异显示涉及雄性和雌性结构的功能互补性。几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 介绍了种群如何从大型定殖繁殖体进化为退化翅专家。姐妹物种对 M. fleutiauxi + M. jeanneli 生殖器结构的种间差异显示涉及雄性和雌性结构的功能互补性。几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词 几个新喀里多尼亚 Mecyclothorax 属证明了男性生殖器的广泛地理变异。这种变异偏离了哈雷阿卡拉火山超多样化 Mecyclothorax 辐射中物种所表现出的地理上一致的男性生殖器，关键词