ABSTRACT In the United States (U.S.), adolescent identity development occurs within a socio-historical context characterized by an ethnic-racial hierarchy, as well as an unequal distribution of power and privilege. The current study examined the associations among two ethnic-racial identity components (i.e., exploration, resolution), perceived ethnic-racial discrimination, and U.S. American identity among White, Black, and Latino adolescents in the U.S. A cross-sectional sample of self-identified White, Black, and Latino adolescents (N = 1,378) completed self-administered surveys (M age = 16.16 years; SD = 1.12, 52.8% female). A sequential model-building approach using multiple-group path analysis revealed that both exploration and resolution were positively associated with U.S. American for White and Black adolescents, but no association emerged for Latino adolescents. Furthermore, among Black adolescents, the association between exploration and U.S. American identity was moderated by perceived ethnic-racial discrimination, such that these two identity dimensions were positively associated only among those who reported higher levels of discrimination. Overall, ethnic-racial identity and U.S. American identity were more strongly associated among White and Black adolescents compared to Latino adolescents. Future research is needed to better understand the intersections between ethnic-racial identity and U.S. American identity.

中文翻译：

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对黑人、拉丁裔和白人青少年的种族种族认同和美国美国人认同的考察

摘要在美国（US），青少年身份发展发生在以种族-种族等级以及权力和特权分配不平等为特征的社会历史背景下。目前的研究调查了美国白人、黑人和拉丁裔青少年中两个种族-种族认同成分（即探索、解决）、感知种族-种族歧视和美国美国人认同之间的关联。确定的白人、黑人和拉丁裔青少年（N = 1,378）完成了自我管理的调查（M 年龄 = 16.16 岁；SD = 1.12，52.8% 是女性）。使用多组路径分析的顺序模型构建方法表明，探索和解决与美国白人和黑人青少年正相关，但拉丁裔青少年没有出现任何关联。此外，在黑人青少年中，探索与美国身份之间的关联受到种族歧视的影响，因此这两个身份维度仅在那些报告歧视程度较高的人中呈正相关。总体而言，与拉丁裔青少年相比，白人和黑人青少年的种族种族认同和美国美国人认同的关联性更强。未来的研究需要更好地理解族裔种族认同与美国美国人认同之间的交叉点。因此，这两个身份维度仅在报告歧视程度较高的人之间呈正相关。总体而言，与拉丁裔青少年相比，白人和黑人青少年的种族种族认同和美国美国人认同的关联性更强。未来的研究需要更好地理解族裔种族认同和美国美国人认同之间的交叉点。因此，这两个身份维度仅在报告歧视程度较高的人之间呈正相关。总体而言，与拉丁裔青少年相比，白人和黑人青少年的种族种族认同和美国美国人认同的关联性更强。未来的研究需要更好地理解族裔种族认同和美国美国人认同之间的交叉点。