ABSTRACT We studied the relation between time perspective and commitment formation. These concepts are part of a complex dynamic system, in which individual transitional experiences are relevant. Individual development may proceed along different pathways. Based on theory and research we expected that this relation will firstly differ between individuals, and secondly may change within an individual with increasing age during adulthood. We expected stronger within-individual correlations in emerging adulthood than in adulthood because emerging adults have to meet the demands of a transition from school to job places while adult participants in general are either settled in a more stable life pattern with work and their own family or experience idiosyncratic life transitions. For 48 individuals we collected time series of 21 yearly measurements between age 20 and age 40. We found strong differences among these individuals in the within-individual relation between a balanced time perspective and commitment formation. As expected, the relationship in emerging adults was stronger than in later ages. These findings strengthen the notion, based on the concept of non-ergodicity, that if we want to gain knowledge about individual development, we should focus on within-individual longitudinal relations.

中文翻译：

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承诺与成年期平衡时间取向之间的关系：个体之间和个体内部的差异

摘要 我们研究了时间视角与承诺形成之间的关系。这些概念是复杂动态系统的一部分，在该系统中，个人的过渡经验是相关的。个人发展可能会沿着不同的途径进行。基于理论和研究，我们预计这种关系首先会因个体而异，其次可能会随着成年期年龄的增加而在个体内部发生变化。我们预计新成年期的个体内部相关性比成年期更强，因为新成人必须满足从学校到工作场所过渡的需求，而成年参与者通常要么在工作和家庭中定居在更稳定的生活模式中，要么体验特殊的生活转变。对于 48 个人，我们收集了 20 岁到 40 岁之间每年 21 次测量的时间序列。我们发现这些个人之间在平衡时间观点和承诺形成之间的个人内部关系方面存在很大差异。正如预期的那样，新兴成年人的关系比晚年更强。这些发现强化了基于非遍历性概念的观点，即如果我们想获得关于个体发展的知识，我们应该关注个体内部的纵向关系。