ABSTRACT Turkey initiated a major reform in its criminal justice system in 2005 and a probation system was officially created. This article analyses the probation policy formation, and development processes in Turkey using a multiple streams framework (MSF), as theorised by John Kingdon. Qualitative method is employed through archival records, governmental documents, and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Findings suggest that MSF explains the evolution of the probation system, which emerged in a critical time. However, although the probation system was set up to overcome the increasing prison population and alternative to incarceration, the number of prisoners and probationers have increased significantly. Today, Turkey has been ranked one of the largest prison population in the world. It is concluded that the penal policy has led to unintended consequences, and the penal system including probation practices has been dramatically politicised by the government.

中文翻译：

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土耳其的缓刑制度：使用多流框架分析公共政策的形成

摘要 土耳其于 2005 年启动了刑事司法系统的重大改革，并正式建立了缓刑制度。本文使用多流框架 (MSF) 分析土耳其的缓刑政策形成和发展过程，正如约翰金登所提出的理论。通过档案记录、政府文件和对关键参与者的半结构化访谈，采用定性方法。调查结果表明，无国界医生解释了在关键时期出现的缓刑制度的演变。然而，虽然设立缓刑制度是为了克服不断增加的监狱人口和替代监禁的问题，但囚犯和缓刑人员的数量却显着增加。今天，土耳其已被列为世界上监狱人口最多的国家之一。