The purpose of this paper is to throw light on sustained research–practice collaborations (called ‘schemes' here) aimed at improving educational outcomes.The empirical work combines a survey of thirteen school–university knowledge-exchange schemes in six European countries, with four case studies drawn from these.Three theoretical models of knowledge use are employed to aid analysis of these cases. It is suggested that a judicious mix of the three perspectives helps in understanding what makes such collaborations successful. Stages in the cyclical process of improving practice through use of research are described, beginning with frank analysis of pre-existing ways of thinking and culminating in the challenge of altering established practice.

中文翻译：

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学校和大学之间的知识伙伴关系：建立联系和关系的过程

本文的目的是阐明旨在提高教育成果的持续研究与实践合作（此处称为“计划”）。实证工作结合了对六个欧洲国家的 13 个学校-大学知识交流计划的调查，以及四个从这些案例中得出的案例研究。三个知识使用的理论模型被用来帮助分析这些案例。建议明智地混合这三种观点有助于理解使此类合作取得成功的原因。描述了通过使用研究来改进实践的循环过程中的阶段，从对预先存在的思维方式的坦率分析开始，并最终改变既定实践的挑战。