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Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Supports New Morphological Synapomorphies for Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
American Museum Novitates ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 , DOI: 10.1206/3970.1
Zachary T. Calamari 1
Affiliation  

Advances in gene sequencing technology have made it easier to generate large molecular datasets with novel DNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Because morphological data are difficult to collect and not required for molecular phylogenetic analyses, they are often excluded in studies of the systematic relationships of extant taxa. This fact is especially apparent in the Bovidae, the highly diverse, widespread clade of hoofed mammals most often characterized by the presence of permanent bony horn cores covered with keratin sheaths. Analyses of molecular data have reconstructed well-supported phylogenetic relationships within the clade. However, morphological data are also required to integrate fossil taxa into these studies, and may support different topologies when they are included in total evidence phylogenies. In this study, I performed a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of a total evidence dataset including mitochondrial genomes, nine nuclear genes, and 196 morphological characters. The dataset comprises 156 species, 13 of which are fossil taxa, one of the most complete analyses of the family to date, and the first time many of the fossil species have been included in a total evidence analysis. Character optimizations on this topology produced seven synapomorphic morphological characters for Bovidae and multiple characters for each tribe. These analyses support the use of total evidence phylogenetics as a means of uncovering morphological characters that may serve as new synapomorphies and elucidate the systematic relationships of fossil species.

中文翻译:

全证据系统发育分析支持牛科(哺乳动物、偶蹄目)的新形态突触

基因测序技术的进步使得生成具有新 DNA 序列的大型分子数据集进行系统发育分析变得更加容易。由于形态学数据难以收集并且不需要用于分子系统发育分析,因此它们经常被排除在现存分类群的系统关系研究中。这一事实在牛科中尤为明显,牛科是有蹄哺乳动物的高度多样化、分布广泛的进化枝,其最常见的特征是存在被角蛋白鞘覆盖的永久性骨角核。分子数据的分析重建了进化枝内得到充分支持的系统发育关系。然而,还需要形态学数据将化石分类群整合到这些研究中,并且当它们被包含在总证据系统发育中时可能支持不同的拓扑结构。在这项研究中,我对包括线粒体基因组、9 个核基因和 196 个形态特征的总证据数据集进行了最大似然系统发育分析。该数据集包括 156 个物种,其中 13 个是化石分类群,是迄今为止对该科进行最完整的分析之一,也是许多化石物种首次被纳入全证据分析。对该拓扑的字符优化产生了牛科的七个突触形态特征和每个部落的多个特征。这些分析支持使用全证据系统发育学作为揭示形态特征的一种手段,这些特征可以作为新的突触并阐明化石物种的系统关系。9个核基因,196个形态特征。该数据集包括 156 个物种,其中 13 个是化石分类群,是迄今为止对该科进行最完整的分析之一,也是许多化石物种首次被纳入全证据分析。对该拓扑结构的字符优化产生了牛科的七个突触形态特征和每个部落的多个特征。这些分析支持使用全证据系统发育学作为揭示形态特征的一种手段,这些特征可能作为新的突触并阐明化石物种的系统关系。9个核基因,196个形态特征。该数据集包括 156 个物种,其中 13 个是化石分类群,是迄今为止对该科进行最完整的分析之一,也是许多化石物种首次被纳入全证据分析。对该拓扑的字符优化产生了牛科的七个突触形态特征和每个部落的多个特征。这些分析支持使用全证据系统发育学作为揭示形态特征的一种手段,这些特征可以作为新的突触并阐明化石物种的系统关系。许多化石物种首次被纳入全证据分析。对该拓扑的字符优化产生了牛科的七个突触形态特征和每个部落的多个特征。这些分析支持使用全证据系统发育学作为揭示形态特征的一种手段,这些特征可以作为新的突触并阐明化石物种的系统关系。许多化石物种首次被纳入全证据分析。对该拓扑的字符优化产生了牛科的七个突触形态特征和每个部落的多个特征。这些分析支持使用全证据系统发育学作为揭示形态特征的一种手段,这些特征可以作为新的突触并阐明化石物种的系统关系。
更新日期:2021-06-15
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