As Moore's Law nears its end, we are searching for alternative technologies and architectures to further increase performance. Cryogenic computing has gained considerable attention in the last couple years, due to the highly ideal performance of CMOS circuits at very low temperatures. While cryogenic operation can provide impressive performance benefits, it introduces a new trade-off space which must be examined. Additionally, it does not eliminate current bottlenecks for performance, such as the memory wall. Processing-in-Memory architectures present an interesting opportunity. They are suitable to operate at cryogenic temperatures, enable lower cooling costs via extreme energy efficiency, and enable compute and memory capabilities in this regime with relatively minor adjustments to the architecture.

中文翻译：

---

低温 PIM：挑战与机遇


随着摩尔定律接近尾声，我们正在寻找替代技术和架构以进一步提高性能。由于 CMOS 电路在极低温度下具有高度理想的性能，低温计算在过去几年中获得了相当多的关注。虽然低温操作可以提供令人印象深刻的性能优势，但它引入了必须检查的新权衡空间。此外，它并不能消除当前的性能瓶颈，例如内存墙。内存处理架构提供了一个有趣的机会。它们适合在低温下运行，通过极高的能源效率降低冷却成本，并在这种情况下通过对架构进行相对较小的调整来实现计算和内存功能。