The research of the microbiological air quality of a building considered a human historical and cultural heritage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is fundamental for preventive conservation action, mainly because it identifies cultivable fungal species around the collections and suggests the appropriate treatment choice. This study investigated the air microbiological parameters inside the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Church and identified the population of airborne fungi. Sixty filamentous fungal isolates were detected with ten distinct taxa. The counts of colony forming units (CFUs) performed at 10 different points were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. In addition, the presence of two fungal species was detected colonizing artworks covered with gold leaves: Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus versicolor. Air quality monitoring inside the church was in accordance with the required Brazilian legislation standards. The composition of the filamentous fungal community included the presence of human fungal pathogens; for this reason, the use of personal protective equipment was recommended during the restoration work. Thus, characterization of the air microbiological parameters helps to preserve not only the building’s collection, but also the health of the faithful, conservators-restorers, tourists, and researchers.

对被联合国教育、科学及文化组织视为人类历史文化遗产的建筑物的微生物空气质量的研究对于预防性保护行动至关重要，主要是因为它确定了藏品周围可培养的真菌物种，并建议适当的保护措施。治疗选择。这项研究调查了 Nossa Senhora da Conceição 教堂内的空气微生物参数，并确定了空气中真菌的数量。检测到 60 种丝状真菌分离株，具有 10 种不同的分类单元。在 10 个不同点进行的菌落形成单位 (CFU) 计数符合巴西立法。此外，在金箔覆盖的艺术品上还发现了两种真菌的存在：枝孢枝孢菌和杂色曲霉。教堂内的空气质量监测符合巴西立法标准要求。丝状真菌群落的组成包括人类真菌病原体的存在；因此，建议在修复工作期间使用个人防护装备。因此，空气微生物参数的表征不仅有助于保护建筑物的藏品，还有助于保护信徒、保护者、修复者、游客和研究人员的健康。